The instant invention provides processes for a chemo selective reduction of a nitro group within a compound in the presence of other groups which can also be reduced. This aspect of the present invention provides an ammonia borane (AB) initiated chemoselective reduction process of a nitro group contained within a compound in the presence of a copper (Cu) nanoparticle based catalyst. The invention is also directed to Copper (Cu) nanoparticle (NP) based catalysts, selected from Cu/WO.sub.x, Cu/SiO.sub.2, and Cu/C; wherein x represents an integer having a value of from about 2 to about 3.5, used in the chemo selective reduction of a nitro group contained within a compound in the presence of other groups which can also be reduced.

A process for producing one or more of benzene, toluene, or mixed xylenes may include combining one or more aromatic feed chemicals, one or more aromatic-based polymers, hydrodearylation catalyst, and hydrogen in a hydrodearylation unit to form a chemical product. The process may also include passing the chemical product out of the hydrodearylation unit, where the chemical product comprises one or more of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes. Additionally, a system for producing one or more of benzene, toluene, or mixed xylenes may include a mixing unit and a hydrodearylation unit. An aromatic feed stream and an aromatic-based polymer stream may be in fluid communication with a mixing unit. A mixing unit effluent stream may be in fluid communication between the mixing unit and the hydrodearylation unit. A chemical product stream may be in fluid communication with the hydrodearylation unit.

A process for producing one or more of benzene, toluene, or mixed xylenes may include combining one or more aromatic feed chemicals, one or more aromatic-based polymers, hydrodearylation catalyst, and hydrogen in a hydrodearylation unit to form a chemical product. The process may also include passing the chemical product out of the hydrodearylation unit, where the chemical product comprises one or more of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes. Additionally, a system for producing one or more of benzene, toluene, or mixed xylenes may include a mixing unit and a hydrodearylation unit. An aromatic feed stream and an aromatic-based polymer stream may be in fluid communication with a mixing unit. A mixing unit effluent stream may be in fluid communication between the mixing unit and the hydrodearylation unit. A chemical product stream may be in fluid communication with the hydrodearylation unit.

Provided is a photocatalyst layer that improves the photocatalytic performance while suppressing detachment of photocatalyst particles. The photocatalyst layer has a front surface and a rear surface on the opposite side of the front surface. The photocatalyst layer includes photocatalyst particles and a binder. The photocatalyst layer has a first region containing the photocatalyst particles and a second region containing the binder and not containing the photocatalyst particles. The photocatalyst particles include tungsten oxide particles. The photocatalyst particles have contact points being in contact with the rear surface. The ratio of the thickness of the second region to the number-average secondary particle diameter of the photocatalyst particles is 0.20 or more and 0.80 or less.

A catalyst for use in chemical looping combustion is provided. The catalyst includes a mixture of metal oxides dispersed on a ceramic support. The mixture of metal oxides forms a nickel tungsten oxide (NiWO.sub.4) interaction complex which functions as an oxygen carrier in the chemical looping combustion reaction.

A catalyst for use in chemical looping combustion is provided. The catalyst includes a mixture of metal oxides dispersed on a ceramic support. The mixture of metal oxides forms a nickel tungsten oxide (NiWO.sub.4) interaction complex which functions as an oxygen carrier in the chemical looping combustion reaction.

The present application relates to a hydrogenation catalyst, a process for producing the same and application thereof in the hydrotreatment of feedstock oil. The process comprises at least the following steps: (1) contacting a first active metal component and a first organic complexing agent with a carrier to obtain a composite carrier; (2) calcining the composite carrier to obtain a calcined composite carrier having a total carbon content of 1% by weight or less; and (3) contacting a second organic complexing agent with the calcined composite carrier to obtain the hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst has both excellent hydrodesulfurization activity and hydrodenitrogenation activity, and exhibits a significantly prolonged service life.

The present application relates to a hydrogenation catalyst, a process for producing the same and application thereof in the hydrotreatment of feedstock oil. The process comprises at least the following steps: (1) contacting a first active metal component and a first organic complexing agent with a carrier to obtain a composite carrier; (2) calcining the composite carrier to obtain a calcined composite carrier having a total carbon content of 1% by weight or less; and (3) contacting a second organic complexing agent with the calcined composite carrier to obtain the hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst has both excellent hydrodesulfurization activity and hydrodenitrogenation activity, and exhibits a significantly prolonged service life.

Provided is a novel catalyst comprised of an alumina, silica-alumina, and a zeolite containing base impregnated with Ni, Mo, and W. In one embodiment, the trimetallic catalyst is layered with a conventional hydrocracking pretreat catalyst to provide a catalyst combination useful in hydrotreating a feed to a hydrocracking stage.

The present invention relates to a process for the direct conversion of cellulose into glycols by using a non noble metal supported zeolite catalyst selected from Al—Ni—W/HY, Al—Ni—W/NaY and Al—Ni—W/Na-ZSM-5, wherein the ratio of the metal in the catalyst is in the range of 15%-12%-30% to 0%-3%-5%.