A process prepares an oxygen carrier for a chemical looping process including providing a material A having a first transition metal and/or an oxide of the first transition metal. The first transition metal is selected from chemical element groups 6-11 of the Periodic System. Material A is subjected to a reaction with H2 to reduce the first transition metal and/or oxide to form a reduced material B. Material B is treated with a salt solution of a second transition metal selected to have a standard reduction potential larger than the first transition metal. A portion of the first transition metal in the reduced material B is replaced by the second transition metal. A molar ratio of the first transition metal with respect to the second transition metal in material B ranges between 2:1 and 100:1. An oxygen carrier is obtained with the method and is regenerated using steam.

It is provided solid, heterogeneous catalysts and a method for producing H.sub.2 by steam reforming. More particularly, the catalyst comprises at least one metal element of Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, Mo, Mn, Mg, Zr, La, Ce, Ti, Zn and W, having a formula Cu.sub.aNi.sub.bFe.sub.c-Co.sub.dMO.sub.eMn.sub.fMg.sub.gZr.sub.hLa.sub.iCe.sub.jTi.sub.kZn.sub.lW.sub.mO.sub.x, wherein a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, I and m are molar ratios for the respective elements, wherein a, b, c, d, e, f, g and m are >0, h, I, j, k and I are >0 or a, b, c, d, e, f, g, i, and j are ≥0, h, k, I and m are >0 and x is such that the catalyst is electrically neutral. The produced H.sub.2 can be used to powered vehicle as described herein.

A catalyst for decomposing an organic substance, the catalyst having a body which has a plurality of pores and the body contains a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where the A contains at least one selected from Ba and Sr, the B contains Zr, the M is at least one selected from Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, 1.001≤x≤1.1, 0.05≤z≤0.2, y+z=1, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. The average pore diameter of the plurality of pores is 49 nm to 260 nm and the pore volume of each of the plurality of pores is 0.08 cm.sup.3/g to 0.37 cm.sup.3/g.

The invention provides a process for producing hydrogen having the steps of reacting a fuel with a combination of two oxygen carriers to produce gaseous products and reduced oxygen carriers; reacting a portion of the reduced oxygen carriers with steam to generate hydrogen and partially oxidized oxygen carriers; and reacting the partially oxidized oxygen carriers and remaining reduced oxygen carriers with air to generate heat and regenerate the two oxygen carriers in their original oxidation state, wherein the heat and regenerated oxygen carriers are reused.

An oxygen storage material (OSM) includes a zinc manganese iron oxide (ZMF) and an alkali metal base on the ZMF surface. The ZMF has a spinel structure. The alkali metal containing ZMF can be formed to have a weight percent of alkali metal up to about two percent. The alkali metal carbonate is retained on the ZMF surface upon heating to a temperature greater than 1,000° C. and stabilizes the ZMF to the cycling of an oxygen rich and oxygen lean atmosphere. The OSM additionally catalyzes the oxidation of hydrocarbons and CO and catalyzes the reduction of NO.sub.x for use in catalytic converters.

A catalytic method for producing gaseous products from a fuel and a gaseous reagent having the steps of: providing a catalyst and the fuel to a reactor vessel such that the catalyst and the fuel are in fluid communication with each other within the reactor vessel, where the catalyst is a mixture of reduced metal oxides; and contacting the fuel and catalyst with the gaseous reagent within the reactor vessel at a reaction temperature to produce gaseous products, where the gaseous reagent contains at least CO.sub.2 or H.sub.2O, where the fuel comprises a carbonaceous source, and wherein the gaseous products are CO or syngas.

A carbonylation-dehydration dual-functional catalyst precursor, a preparation method thereof, a carbonylation-dehydration dual-functional catalyst and use thereof are provided. The carbonylation-dehydration dual-functional catalyst precursor includes a modified silica-aluminum molecular sieve having an 8-member ring channel structure; a modified metal oxie loaded on the modified silica-aluminum molecular sieve having an 8-member ring channel structure by coupling, the coupling being performed using a silane coupling agent, wherein a modified component in the modified silica-aluminum molecular sieve having an 8-member ring channel structure includes at least one selected from the group consisting of copper oxide, zing oxide and iron oxide, and has a loading amount of 0.5-5 wt %, based on a metal mass of the modified component; and the modified metal oxie is prepared by modifying a composite metal oxide with an acid solution or an alkali solution, wherein the composite metal oxide is prepared based on a co-precipitation-calcination method.

A process of catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, particularly methane and/or natural gas to form a product containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide where the first catalyst comprises Co—Ni—Cr—W alloy.

Provided is a catalyst which, when used in a selective catalytic reduction reaction in which ammonia serves as the reducing agent, further improves denitration efficiency at low temperatures compared to the prior art.

The denitration catalyst comprises vanadium oxide as a main component, and has a content of a second metal, in teams of oxide, of 1-40 wt %. The second metal is at least one type of metal element selected from the group consisting of Co, W, Mo, Nb, Ce, Sn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn.

The present invention relates to catalysts, more particularly to a cobalt-containing catalyst composition. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor, a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst, and a hydrocarbon synthesis process wherein such a catalyst is used. According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a cobalt-containing catalyst composition comprising cobalt and/or a cobalt compound supported on and/or in a silica (SiO.sub.2) catalyst support wherein the average pore diameter of the catalyst support is more than 20 nm but less than 50 nm; the catalyst composition also including a titanium compound on and/or in the catalyst support, and a manganese compound on and/or in the catalyst support.