A process for preparing an aromatic isocyanate by direct carbonylation of a nitro aromatic compound by reacting the nitro aromatic compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst contains a multi metallic material comprising one or more binary intermetallic phases of the general formula A.sub.xB.sub.y wherein: A is one or more element selected from Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt and Ag, B is one or more element selected from Sn, Sb, Pb, Zn, Ga, In, Ge and As, x is in the range 0.1-10, y in is in the range 0.1-10.

The present invention is directed to the preparation of a cobalt containing catalyst, a precipitate as an intermediate product, a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and a process for producing normally gaseous, normally liquid and optionally normally solid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas. The precipitate and catalyst comprise crystalline Co(OH)(CO3)0.5, the crystals are needle shaped and have a surface area of at least 80 m.sup.2/g dry precipitate.

Disclosed is a method for anaerobically cracking a power battery, which includes the following steps: disassembling a waste power battery to obtain a battery cell; taking out a diaphragm from the battery cell for later use, and pyrolyzing the battery cell to obtain electrode powder; extracting nickel, cobalt and manganese elements from the electrode powder with an extraction buffer, filtering, taking the filtrate, then adjusting the filtrate with a nickel solution, a cobalt solution and a manganese solution to obtain a solution A, adding the solution A dropwise into ammonium hydroxide under stirring, and then adding an alkali solution under stirring to obtain a solution B; subjecting the solution B to a hydrothermal reaction, filtering, and roasting to obtain a catalyst, such that a chemical formula of the catalyst is Ni.sup.2+.sub.1-x-yCo.sup.2+.sub.xMn.sup.2+.sub.yO, where 0.25≤x<0.45, 0.25≤y<0.45.

Embodiments of the present invention relates to integrated catalyst systems and associated processes that directly converts carbon dioxide or carbohydrate to CO, methane, or other valuable chemicals at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, requiring no extra energy. The integrated catalyst systems are comprised of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds and at least two metal elements, wherein one metal element needs to be active than the other one. The integrated catalyst systems can be applied to reduce carbon dioxide and carbohydrate at room temperature with considerable conversion efficiency. The reduction process involves the steps of: a) nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds performance as solvent/major catalyst, dual component as reducing agent / co-catalyst; b) introducing the above integrated catalysts into the reactor full of CO.sub.2 or carbohydrate, and keeping stirring the reacting system for 1 to 4 hours, without any illumination or heating; c) CO, methane, or other reduction product is achieved with a conversion efficiency of about 100%; d) the reduction products are gases, which can be directly separated from the system without any additional separation process or involving additional chemicals.

A system and method of pre-purification of a feed gas stream is provided that is particularly suitable for pre-purification of a feed air stream in cryogenic air separation unit. The disclosed pre-purification systems and methods are configured to remove substantially all of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide, water, and carbon dioxide impurities from a feed air stream and is particularly suitable for use in a high purity or ultra-high purity nitrogen plant. The pre-purification systems and methods preferably employ two or more separate layers of hopcalite catalyst with the successive layers of the hopcalite separated by a zeolite adsorbent layer that removes water and carbon dioxide produced in the hopcalite layers.

A honeycomb-structured catalyst for decomposing an organic substance, which includes a catalyst particle. The catalyst particle contains a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where the A contains at least of Ba and Sr, the B contains Zr, the M is at least one of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, 1.001≤x≤1.05, 0.05≤z≤0.2, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. The toluene decomposition rate is greater than 90% when toluene is decomposed using the honeycomb-structured catalyst subjected to a heat treatment at 1200° C. for 48 hours and a gas that contains 50 ppm toluene, 80% nitrogen, and 20% oxygen as a volume concentration as a target at a space velocity of 30,000/h and a catalyst temperature of 400° C.

A method of turning a catalytic material by altering the charge state of a catalyst support. The catalyst support is intercalated with a metal ion, altering the charge state to alter and/or augment the catalytic activity of the catalyst material.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a nano-sized, iron-based catalyst, the method comprising: mixing a solution containing an iron salt with a surfactant to form a mixture; adding a basic salt solution comprising a salt of element selected from the group consisting of: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals of groups 3 to 7 and 9 to 11 of the Periodic Table of Elements, lanthanides, and combinations of elements thereof, to the mixture to form a precipitate; and calcining said precipitate to form the iron-based catalyst, said iron-based catalyst at least partially comprising said element of said basic salt. The present invention also relates to a nano-sized, iron-based catalyst prepared by the above method and a process for the production of light olefins using the nano-sized, iron-based catalyst.

Described herein are coatings. The coatings can, for example, catalyze carbon gasification. In some examples, the coatings comprise: a first region having a first thickness, the first region comprising a manganese oxide, a chromium-manganese oxide, or a combination thereof; a second region having a second thickness, the second region comprising Ni, Fe, W, Cr, Co, Mn, Ti, Mo, V, Nb, Zr, Si, C, or a combination thereof; and an alkaline earth metal, an alkaline earth oxide, an alkaline earth carbonate, an alkaline earth silicate, molybdemun, a molybdenum oxide, a molybdenum carbide, a mixed-metal perovskite, a mixed metal inorganic oxide, or a combination thereof.

A process for preparing an aromatic isocyanate by direct carbonylation of a nitro aromatic compound by reacting the nitro aromatic compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst contains a multi metallic material comprising one or more binary intermetallic phases of the general formula A.sub.xB.sub.y wherein: A is one or more element selected from Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt and Ag, B is one or more element selected from Sn, Sb, Pb, Zn, Ga, In, Ge and As, x is in the range 0.1-10, y in is in the range 0.1-10.