Aspects of the invention relate to producing olefins and other products by oxidative dehydrogenation cracking of a hydrocarbon feed. In one embodiment, the method includes oxidative cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprised of plastic waste. Methods of the present invention employ dual functional catalyst comprising solid acids and metal oxides, which are capable of selectively oxidizing hydrogen to water rather than combustion of the hydrocarbon feeds or products. Additional aspects of the invention demonstrate catalyst synthetic methods for encapsulating metal oxides in the internal channels and cages of solid acids, thereby improving the selective oxidation of hydrogen to water and decreasing feed and product oxidation. The re-oxidation of the thus reduced metal oxide transfer agents supplies heat to drive the endothermic cracking of the feed.

Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogeneous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Disclosed is an oxidation process to produce a crude carboxylic acid product carboxylic acid product. The process comprises oxidizing a feed stream comprising at least one oxidizable compound to generate a crude carboxylic acid slurry comprising furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and compositions thereof. Also disclosed is a process to produce a dry purified carboxylic acid product by utilizing various purification methods on the crude carboxylic acid.

The present invention provides a process for preparing a catalyst, wherein said process comprises:—(i) preparing a mixture of one or more aromatic alcohol monomers and/or non-aromatic monomers, solvent, polymerization catalyst, crosslinking agent, suspension stabilizing agent and one or more metal salts, under conditions sufficient to produce polymeric beads doped with one or more metals or salts thereof; (ii) carbonizing, activating and then reducing the polymeric beads produced in step (i) to produce metal nanoparticles-doped porous carbon beads; (iii) subjecting the metal nanoparticles-doped porous carbon beads produced in step (ii) to chemical vapour deposition in the presence of a carbon source to produce metal nanoparticles-doped porous carbon beads comprising carbon nanofibers; and (iv) doping the metal nanoparticles-doped porous carbon beads comprising carbon nanofibers produced in step (iii) with an oxidant; catalyst prepared by said process; and a process for treating waste water from an industrial process for producing propylene oxide, which process comprises subjecting the waste water to a catalytic wet oxidation treatment in the presence of said catalyst.

Disclosed is a method for preparing 2,2′-dipyridine and derivatives thereof. The method includes: using pyridine represented by formula I or a derivative thereof as a raw material to generate 2,2′-dipyridine represented by formula II by performing dehydrogenative coupling under the action of a supported catalyst in the presence of additives, where R is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkyl, Cl, or Br. The method of the present invention features wide adaptability to raw materials, high atomic utilization rate, high catalyst activity, long service life, and fewer by-products.

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe a treated iron ore catalyst. Embodiments of the present disclosure further describe a method of preparing a treated iron ore catalyst comprising dehydrating an iron ore, milling the iron ore to a selected particle size, and reducing the iron ore to form a treated iron ore catalyst. Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a method of using a treated iron ore catalyst comprising contacting a feed gas with a treated iron ore catalyst to produce hydrogen and graphene.

Disclosed are a catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation and a method of preparing the same. More particularly, a catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of butene having a high butene conversion rate and superior side reaction inhibition effect and thus having high reactivity and high selectivity for a product by preparing metal oxide nanoparticles and then fixing the prepared metal oxide nanoparticles to a support, and a method of preparing the same are provided.

Provided herein are catalyst materials and processes for processing hydrocarbons. For example, doped ceria-supported metal catalysts are provided exhibiting good activity and stability for commercially relevant DRM process conditions including low temperature and long term operation.

One or more embodiments relates to compositions, method of using and methods of producing a gas mixture. The method includes supplying a composition La.sub.xSr.sub.yCo.sub.zM.sub.wO.sub.3, where x ranges from 0.5 to 1, y ranges 0.0 to 1-x, z ranges from 0.1 to 1.0, and M is a dopant or dopants where w ranges from 0.0 to 1-z; and energizing the composition directly using electromagnetic energy to heat the composition to a temperature above 700° C. The method further includes contacting the composition with a reactant gas mixture comprising methane and an oxidant forming a product gaseous mixture.

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of catalysis, and particularly relates to a metal oxide coated ceramic corrugated plate catalyst, its preparation method and application thereof in preparation of key intermediates of citral. The catalyst consists of a ceramic corrugated plate carrier and a metal oxide active layer coated on a surface of the carrier, wherein the metal oxide active layer is a metal oxide formed by active ingredient titanium and at least four other metal elements selected from vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, zirconium, niobium and molybdenum.