A device for production and use of a disinfectant. The device may be used to disinfect materials or objects exposed to viruses and/or bacteria. In particular, the device is capable of converting at least one first reagent such as an alcohol and at least one second reagent including an oxidant into an active disinfectant agent. A catalytic system is incorporated into the reaction vessel to produce the active disinfectant as needed for the disinfection process.

Methods and systems for converting methane to syngas are provided. Certain exemplary methods and systems involve reacting methane and carbon dioxide with a nickel oxide catalyst in a reaction chamber, thereby providing syngas and a reduced nickel species. The reduced nickel species can be regenerated by oxidation with air in a regeneration chamber, thereby generating a regenerated nickel oxide and heat. The regenerated nickel oxide and heat can be returned to the reaction chamber to drive the syngas reaction.

Disclosed herein is a catalyst for particulate combustion which is essentially free of platinum group metal compounds and the catalyst comprises a carrier and at least one metal oxide chosen from iron oxide and manganese oxide, and combinations thereof.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst or catalyst precursor comprising a catalytically active material and a carrier material. The invention relates to a catalyst particle and catalyst precursor thereof obtainable by said method. The catalyst may be used in a process for synthesising hydrocarbons.

The invention provides an air purifier (1) comprising a catalytic converter (100), the catalytic converter (100) comprising (i) a catalytically active material (120) and (ii) a heatable material (130) in thermal contact with said catalytically active material (120), wherein the heatable material (130) is heatable by one or more of an alternating electrical field and an alternating magnetic field, the air purifier (1) further comprising a field generator (140), configured free from electrical contact with the heatable material (130) and configured to heat during operation of the air purifier (1) the heatable material (130) by one or more of the alternating electrical field and the alternating magnetic field.

According to various aspects and exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, ultra-small catalyst particles having extremely high reactivity may be synthesized in single-atom or single-molecule state. When the ultra-small-sized single-atom or single-molecule catalyst is used, the use of metal raw materials can be minimized and, at the same time, catalytic activity may be maximized through maximized reactivity of the single-atom or single-molecule catalyst.

A method for selectively chemically reducing CO.sub.2 to form CO includes providing a catalyst, and contacting H.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 with the catalyst to chemically reduce CO.sub.2 to form CO. The catalyst includes a metal oxide having a chemical formula of Fe.sub.xCo.sub.yMn(.sub.1-x-y)O.sub.z, in which 0.7≤x≤0.95, 0.01≤y≤0.25, and z is an oxidation coordination number.

Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising: (a) a compound having the formula CF.sub.3-xCl.sub.xCHClCHF.sub.2-yCl.sub.y and in the presence of a compound catalyst, undergoes, through n serially-connected reactors, gas-phase fluorination with hydrogen fluoride, producing 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane, and 1,2-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane; in said formula, x=1, 2 or 3; y=1 or 2, and 3≦x+y≦5; (b) 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane, and 1,2-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane undergo, in the presence of a dehalogenation catalyst, gas-phase dehalogenation with hydrogen, producing 3-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropene, and 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; (c) 3-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropene and 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene undergo, in the presence of a fluorination catalyst, gas-phase fluorination with hydrogen fluoride, producing 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The present invention is primarily used to produce 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

The disclosed subject matter presents a catalyst or catalyst composition as well as the methods of making and using the catalyst or catalyst composition. In one aspect, the disclosed subject matter relates to a catalyst comprising CoMn.sub.aSi.sub.bX.sub.cY.sub.dO.sub.x wherein in X comprises an element from Group 11; Y comprises an element from Group 12; a ranges from 0.8 to 1.2; b ranges from 0.1 to 1; c ranges from 0.01 to 0.05; d ranges from 0.01 to 0.05; x is a number determined by the valency requirements of the other elements present; and wherein the catalyst converts synthesis gas to at least one olefin.

Disclosed herein are base metal catalyst devices for removing ozone, volatile organic compounds, and other pollutants from an air flow stream. A catalyst device includes a housing, a solid substrate disposed within the housing, and a catalyst layer disposed on the substrate. The catalyst layer includes a first base metal catalyst at a first mass percent, a second base metal catalyst at a second mass percent, and a support material impregnated with at least one of the first base metal catalyst or the second base metal catalyst. The preferred catalyst composition is a combination of manganese oxide and copper oxide.