The present invention provides a supported metal catalyst with synergistic sites, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The preparation method of this catalyst is to utilize the unsaturated cubane-like structure, M cation with catalytic activity is introduced into the cluster core unit. By using the vertex vacancy as the capturing center, and adjusting the impregnation temperature to maximize the loading of the cluster precursor, as well as depending on the electrostatic adsorption of the support and the confinement of the cluster structural unit, the number of S vacancies and the distance between S vacancies and Miso sites are effectively controlled through liquid phase reduction and atmosphere treatment at room temperature to obtain supported X3MSx/Al2O3 catalyst with Miso-Vs synergistic sites. The method of the present invention achieves the joint enhancement of the activity, product selectivity, and stability of unsaturated carbon oxygen bond selective hydrogenation, carbon chlorine bond selective hydrogenation dechlorination, and carbon hydrogen bond dehydrogenation reactions. This catalyst is mainly used in various catalytic reaction processes in the fields of petrochemical, fine chemical, environmental chemical, and other fields. It has outstanding catalytic performance, excellent activity, selectivity, and good recyclability, and is easy to recover and reuse.

The invention relates to a process for the rejuvenation of an at least partially spent catalyst resulting from a hydrotreating process, said at least partially spent catalyst resulting from a fresh catalyst comprising a metal from group VIII, a metal from group VIb, an oxide support, and optionally phosphorus, said at least partially spent catalyst additionally comprising carbon in a content of between 2% and 20% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the at least partially spent catalyst, and sulfur in a content of between 1% and 8% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the at least partially spent catalyst, said process comprising the following stages: a) said spent catalyst is brought into contact with an impregnation solution containing a compound comprising a metal from group VIb, b) a drying stage is carried out at a temperature of less than 200 C.

The present invention relates to a process and system for forming a hydrocarbon feedstock from a biomass material, and the hydrocarbon feedstock formed therefrom. The present invention also relates to a process and system for forming a bio-derived naphtha fuel from a hydrocarbon feedstock, and the bio-derived naphtha fuel formed therefrom, as well as intermediate treated hydrocarbon feedstocks formed during the process.

The present invention is in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.

Particularly, the present invention relates to a process for preparing catalysts advantageously usable in the hydrotreatment processes, for example in hydrodesulphurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodearomatization processes of hydrocarbons.

More in particular, the present invention relates to a process for obtaining said catalysts, which comprise mixed oxides of Nickel, Aluminum, Molybdenum and Tungsten and optionally a transition metal Me selected from the group consisting of Zn, Mn, Cd, and a mixture thereof, an organic component C, and possibly an inorganic binder B.

Said mixed oxides comprise an amorphous phase and a pseudo-crystalline phase isostructural to Wolframite.

The present invention further relates to said hydrotreatment catalysts and a hydrotreatment process wherein said catalysts are used.

The invention relates to the preparation of catalyst precursor using an alkane-sulphonic acid metal salt, use of alkane-sulphonic acid for the preparation of catalyst precursor and the use of such a catalyst precursor in chemical reactions for the production of fine chemicals in the chemical industry, particularly in the refining industry.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to Z-scheme photocatalyst for efficient hydrogen generation from water. The Z-scheme photocatalyst can include a hybrid metal that includes a semiconductor material/M1/Cd.sub.xM.sub.1xS material. M1 can be transition metal and M can Zn, Fe, Cu, Sn, Mo, Ag, Pb and Ni.

Bulk catalysts comprised of nickel, molybdenum, tungsten and titanium and methods for synthesizing bulk catalysts are provided. The catalysts are useful for hydroprocessing, particularly hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

The invention discloses a loaded multifunctional catalysis composite material, a preparation method thereof and an application of the composite material to catalytic removal of water pollutants. The preparation method includes the steps: preparing a zinc oxide nano-sheet loaded nickel foam (Ni@ZnO) composite material by an electro-deposition method; compounding molybdenum disulfide micro-nano particles on ZnO porous nano-sheets by an electro-deposition method to obtain Ni@ZnO/MoS.sub.2. The composite material Ni@ZnO/MoS.sub.2 combines the advantages of components such as nickel foam, the zinc oxide nano-sheets and molybdenum disulfide from the point of material performances, high catalytic degradation activity and recycled performances are achieved, photo-catalysis and electro-catalysis are combined from the point of material application, and the catalytic activity of the composite material is improved by the aid of synergistic effects of photo-catalysis and electro-catalysis.

Bulk metallic catalyst precursors are provided that include a Group VIB metal, such as Ni, a Group VIII metal, such as Mo or W, an organic-compound based component, and an organo-metalloxane polymer or gel. The catalyst precursors can further include a binder. Amorphous sulfided catalysts formed from the catalyst precursors are also provided. The catalyst precursor can have a surface area of about 50 m.sup.2/g or less.

The invention has as its object a catalyst that comprises a substrate based on alumina or silica or silica-alumina, at least one element from group VIII, at least one element from group VIB, and at least one additive that is selected from among 2-acetylbutyrolactone and/or its hydrolysis products, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-oxobutanoic acid, and 3-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-butenoic acid. The invention also relates to the method for preparation of said catalyst and its use in a method for hydrotreatment and/or hydrocracking.