A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.

The disclosure relates to a process for producing a VPO catalyst containing molybdenum and a vanadyl pyrophosphate phase, which comprises the steps: a) provision of a reaction mixture comprising a V(V) compound, a P(V) compound, an Mo compound, a reducing agent and a solvent, b) reduction of the V(V) compound by means of the reducing agent at least in parts to give vanadyl hydrogenphosphate in order to obtain an intermediate suspension, c) filtration of the intermediate suspension from step b) in order to obtain an intermediate, d) drying of the intermediate at a temperature of not more than 350 C. in order to obtain a dried intermediate and e) activation of the dried intermediate at a temperature above 200 C., characterized in that not more than 0.2% by weight of water, based on the weight of the reaction mixture, is present in step a) and no water is withdrawn during the reduction in step b). The disclosure further relates to a VPO catalyst which is able to be produced by the process of the disclosure and also a catalyst containing the molybdenum-containing vanadium-phosphorus mixed oxide.

The invention relates to catalytically producing formic acid and regenerating the catalyst used in the process. A vanadyl ion, vandate ion, or polyoxometallate ion, which is used as the catalyst, of the general formula [PMo.sub.xV.sub.yO.sub.40].sup.n is brought into contact with an alpha hydroxyl aldehyde, an alpha hydroxy carboxylic acid, a carbohydrate, a glycoside, or a polymer, which contains a carbon chain and which comprises at least two OH groups bonded as substituents to the carbon chain as a substituent in a repeating manner and/or an O, N, or S atom contained in the carbon chain in a repeating manner, in a liquid solution (12) in a vessel (10) at a temperature above 70 C. and below 160 C., wherein 6x11, 1y6, 3<n<10, and x+y=12, where n, x, and y is each a whole number.

The invention relates to catalytically producing formic acid and regenerating the catalyst used in the process. A vanadyl ion, vandate ion, or polyoxometallate ion, which is used as the catalyst, of the general formula [PMo.sub.xV.sub.yO.sub.40].sup.n is brought into contact with an alpha hydroxyl aldehyde, an alpha hydroxy carboxylic acid, a carbohydrate, a glycoside, or a polymer, which contains a carbon chain and which comprises at least two OH groups bonded as substituents to the carbon chain as a substituent in a repeating manner and/or an O, N, or S atom contained in the carbon chain in a repeating manner, in a liquid solution (12) in a vessel (10) at a temperature above 70 C. and below 160 C., wherein 6x11, 1y6, 3<n<10, and x+y=12, where n, x, and y is each a whole number.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst and a method for preparing unsaturated carboxylic acid using the catalyst prepared according to the preparation method. According to the method for preparing a catalyst, unsaturated carboxylic acid can be provided from an unsaturated aldehyde with a high conversion rate and selectivity.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst and a method for preparing unsaturated carboxylic acid using the catalyst prepared according to the preparation method. According to the method for preparing a catalyst, unsaturated carboxylic acid can be provided from an unsaturated aldehyde with a high conversion rate and selectivity.

A catalyst and its use for selectively desulfurizing sulfur compounds present in an olefin-containing hydrocarbon feedstock to very low levels with minimal hydrogenation of olefins. The catalyst comprises an inorganic oxide substrate containing a nickel compound, a molybdenum compound and optionally a phosphorus compound, that is overlaid with a molybdenum compound and a cobalt compound. The catalyst is further characterized as having a bimodal pore size distribution with a large portion of its total pore volume contained in pores having a diameter less than 250 angstroms and in pores having a diameter greater than 1000 angstroms.

A catalyst and its use for selectively desulfurizing sulfur compounds present in an olefin-containing hydrocarbon feedstock to very low levels with minimal hydrogenation of olefins. The catalyst comprises an inorganic oxide substrate containing a nickel compound, a molybdenum compound and optionally a phosphorus compound, that is overlaid with a molybdenum compound and a cobalt compound. The catalyst is further characterized as having a bimodal pore size distribution with a large portion of its total pore volume contained in pores having a diameter less than 250 angstroms and in pores having a diameter greater than 1000 angstroms.

A production method of one or both of (meth)acrolein and (meth)acrylic acid using a heat-exchange-type reaction vessel having a reaction tube at an inner part is provided, the method including causing an oxidation reaction of a raw material supplied to the reaction tube while circulating a heat medium to an outer side of the reaction tube to produce one or both of (meth)acrolein and (meth)acrylic acid, in which the reaction tube has i layers, which are a plurality of catalyst layers having different catalyst charging amounts per unit volume, in a longitudinal direction of the reaction tube, provided that i is an integer of 2 or more, and the oxidation reaction satisfies Expression (1).

??0.275(mol.Math.K.Math.h.sup.?1.Math.W.sup.?1)(1)

Provided that (AAA) is satisfied.

?=F?(m1/?.sub.j=1.sup.imj)/(U?A).sup.. . . (*)(AAA)

A (methyl)acrolein oxidation catalyst and a preparation method therefor-in which the catalyst has a composition represented by the following formula: x(Mo12PaCsbVcDeOf)+tC/yZ in which Mo.sub.12P.sub.aC.sub.SbV.sub.cD.sub.eO.sub.f is a heteropolyacid salt main catalyst; C is a nano carbon fiber additive, and Z is a carrier thermal conduction diluent; Mo, P, Cs, V, and O represent the elements of molybdenum, phosphorus, cesium, vanadium, and oxygen, respectively; D represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, antimony, zinc, tungsten, silicon, nickel, and palladium; a, b, c, e, and f represent the atomic ratio of each element, a=0.1-3, b=0.01-3, c=0.01-5, e=0.01-2, and f being the atomic ratio of oxygen required to satisfy the valence of each of the described components; x and y represent the weights of the main catalyst and the carrier thermal conduction diluent Z, and y/x=11.1-50%; and t represents the weight of the nano carbon fiber, and t/x=3-10%.