A rare earth-containing Y zeolite has at least two mesopore pore-size distributions at 2-3 nanometers and 3-4 nanometers. A catalytic cracking catalyst contains the rare earth-containing Y zeolite. When used in the catalytic cracking of heavy oil, the catalytic cracking catalyst provided has excellent heavy oil conversion ability, higher gasoline yield, and lower coke selectivity.

A catalyst structure includes a porous support structure, where the support structure includes an aluminosilicate material. Any two or more metals are loaded in the porous support structure, the two or more metals selected from the group consisting of Ga, Ag, Mo, Zn, Co and Ce, where each metal loaded in the porous support structure is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %. In example embodiments, the catalyst structure includes three or more of the metals loaded in the porous support structure. The catalyst structure is used in a hydrocarbon upgrading process that is conducted in the presence of methane, nitrogen or hydrogen.

The present invention relates to the catalytic processes for rendering harmless the flue gases of the power stations or more precisely to the catalysts for sulfur oxides reduction to elemental sulfur. The novel catalyst presents the binary polycations of copper and zinc or copper and manganese incorporated into the low silica faujasite X (LSX) having transition metals ratio Cu:Zn or Cu:Mn in the range of 2:1 to 4:1.

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a catalyst composition includes a catalyst support and at least one hydrogenative component disposed on the catalyst support. The catalyst support includes at least one USY zeolite having a framework substituted with titanium and zirconium. The framework-substituted USY zeolite comprises at least one rare earth element. Methods of making and using such a catalyst in a hydrocracking process are also disclosed.

A fluid catalytic cracking catalyst composition (FCC catalyst composition) includes a framework-substituted ultra-stable Y-type zeolite (USY zeolite) having one or more transition metals substituted into the framework of a USY zeolite and a FCC zeolite cracking additive. A method for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed includes contacting the hydrocarbon feed with the FCC catalyst composition of the present disclosure at reaction conditions sufficient to upgrade at least a portion of the hydrocarbon feed. A method for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed includes passing the hydrocarbon feed to a fluid catalytic cracking unit, contacting the hydrocarbon feed with a FCC catalyst composition in the fluid catalytic cracking unit under reaction conditions sufficient to cause at least a portion of the hydrocarbon feed to undergo cracking reactions to produce a cracking reaction mixture comprising a used FCC catalyst composition and a cracked effluent comprising one or more olefins.

The instant disclosure provides a composition for fluid catalytic cracking of petroleum based feedstock into useful short chain olefins. The composition comprising: 76-86% of a non-zeolitic material; and 2-30% of at least one zeolite material, the percentage being based on weight of the catalyst composition, wherein one of the zeolites has been modified with 0.1-2.5 wt % metal. The said catalyst was found to be selective in enhancing the usable propylene gas content, while reducing the undesirable dry gas content of the cracked olefinic products. The present disclosure also provides a process for the preparation of the composition. The present disclosure also provides an apparatus (100) and process (200) for fluid catalytic cracking to obtain light olefins. The apparatus comprises a second riser (33) that includes a lower dense riser (2) and upper dilute riser (3). Further, the lower dense riser (2) has a diameter that is 1.1 to 2 times that of the upper dilute riser (3).

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a catalyst composition includes a catalyst support and at least one hydrogenative component disposed on the catalyst support. The catalyst support includes at least one USY zeolite having a framework substituted with titanium and/or zirconium and/or hafnium. The framework-substituted USY zeolite has an average crystallite size from 5 μm to 50 μm. Methods of making and using such a catalyst in a hydrocracking process are also disclosed.

A method including subjecting an ultra-stable Y-type zeolite having a low silica-to-alumina molar ratio (SAR), such as in a range of 3 to 6, to acid treatment and heteroatom incorporation contemporaneously to give a framework-modified ultra-stable Y-type zeolite.

A steam-assisted catalytic cracking process for a hydrocarbon feed is provided. The process includes: introducing the hydrocarbon feed, a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, and steam to a FCC reactor with a mass ratio of steam to hydrocarbon feed between 0.05 and 1.0; cracking the hydrocarbon feed in the presence of the FCC catalyst and steam to produce a cracked hydrocarbon feed and spent FCC catalyst, the spent FCC catalyst comprising coke deposits and hydrocarbon deposits; stripping the hydrocarbon deposits from the spent FCC catalyst with steam in a stripper to obtain a hydrocarbon-stripped spent FCC catalyst; regenerating the hydrocarbon-stripped spent FCC catalyst in a regenerator by subjecting the stripped spent FCC catalyst to heat in the presence of oxygen to combust the coke deposits on the stripped spent FCC catalyst and produce a regenerated FCC catalyst; recycling the regenerated FCC catalyst.

Methods for interconverting olefins in an olefin-rich hydrocarbon stream include contacting the olefin-rich hydrocarbon stream with a catalyst system in an olefin interconversion unit to produce an interconverted effluent comprising ethylene and propylene. The contacting may be conducted at a reaction temperature from 450° C. to 750° C., a reaction pressure from 1 bar to 5 bar, and a residence time from 0.5 seconds to 1000 seconds. The catalyst system includes a framework-substituted beta zeolite. The framework-substituted beta zeolite has a *BEA aluminosilicate framework that has been modified by substituting a portion of framework aluminum atoms of the *BEA aluminosilicate framework with beta-zeolite Al-substitution atoms independently selected from the group consisting of titanium atoms, zirconium atoms, hafnium atoms, and combinations thereof.