Bimetallic catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) conversion of lignin into useful hydrocarbons are provided. The catalysts are bifunctional bimetallic ruthenium catalysts Ru-M/X.sup.+Y comprising a metal M such as iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn), zeolite Y and cation X.sup.+ (e.g. H.sup.+) associated with zeolite Y.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to hydrocracking catalysts and methods of making same. The hydrocracking catalyst comprises a platinum encapsulated zeolite having a crystallinity greater than 20% determined by X-ray powder diffraction analysis.

Disclosed are processes for conversion of a feedstock comprising C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons to lighter aromatic products in which the feedstock and optionally hydrogen are contacted in the presence of the catalyst composition under conversion conditions effective to dealkylate and transalkylate said C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons to produce said lighter aromatic products comprising benzene, toluene and xylene. The catalyst composition comprises a zeolite, a first metal, and a second metal, and is treated with a source of sulfur and/or a source of steam.

An SCR catalyst for treating diesel exhaust gas has: a flow-through substrate with an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the flow through substrate extending therethrough; a first coating disposed on the internal wall surface of the substrate, the surface defining the interface between the internal walls and passages, the first coating extending over 40 to 100% of the substrate axial length, the first coating having an 8-membered ring pore zeolitic material with copper and/or iron; a second coating extending over 20 to 100% of the substrate axial length, the second coating having a first oxidic material with titania, wherein at least 75 wt. % of the second coating is titania, calculated as TiO.sub.2, and 0 to 0.01 wt. % of the second coating is vanadium oxides, calculated as V.sub.2O.sub.5.

A method for producing a bio-jet fuel includes a reaction step of hydrogenating, isomerizing, and decomposing a crude oil obtained by a deoxygenation treatment of a raw oil containing a triglyceride and/or a free fatty acid, by using a hydrogenation catalyst and an isomerization catalyst in a hydrogen atmosphere under conditions of a reaction temperature of 180° C. to 350° C. and a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 30 MPa.

The processes and systems herein integrate hydroprocessing and coking in a manner to effectively upgrade/desulfurize crude oil feedstocks. An initial liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, such as crude oil, is upgraded by fractionating both the hydrocarbon feedstock and coker thermally cracked hydrocarbon products in a fractionating zone. A coker recycle stream is thermally cracked to produce coker thermally cracked hydrocarbon products that are passed to the fractionating zone. The hydrocarbon distillates are hydroprocessed under conditions effective for desulfurization and conversion into lighter hydrocarbon distillates to produce a hydroprocessed liquid hydrocarbon effluent, such as a bottomless synthetic crude oil.

A catalyst structure includes a carrier having a porous structure composed of a zeolite type compound and at least one catalytic material existing in the carrier. The carrier has channels communicating with each other, and the catalytic material is a metal fine particle and exists at least in the channel of the carrier.

A catalyst structure includes a carrier having a porous structure composed of a zeolite type compound and at least one catalytic material existing in the carrier. The carrier has channels communicating with each other, and the catalytic material is a metal fine particle and exists at least in the channel of the carrier.

An improved cluster-supporting catalyst has heteroatom-removed zeolite particles, and catalyst metal clusters supported within the pores of the heteroatom-removed zeolite particles. A method for producing a cluster-supporting catalyst includes the following steps: providing a dispersion liquid containing a dispersion medium and the heteroatom-removed zeolite particles dispersed in the dispersion medium; and in the dispersion liquid, forming catalyst metal clusters having a positive charge, and supporting the catalyst metal clusters within the pores of the heteroatom-removed zeolite particles through an electrostatic interaction.

An improved cluster-supporting catalyst has heteroatom-removed zeolite particles, and catalyst metal clusters supported within the pores of the heteroatom-removed zeolite particles. A method for producing a cluster-supporting catalyst includes the following steps: providing a dispersion liquid containing a dispersion medium and the heteroatom-removed zeolite particles dispersed in the dispersion medium; and in the dispersion liquid, forming catalyst metal clusters having a positive charge, and supporting the catalyst metal clusters within the pores of the heteroatom-removed zeolite particles through an electrostatic interaction.