A method for making a functional structural body includes a skeletal body of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound, and at least one type of metallic nanoparticles present in the skeletal body, the skeletal body having channels connecting with each other, the metallic nanoparticles being present at least in the channels of the skeletal body.

A cold start catalyst is disclosed. The cold start catalyst comprises a zeolite catalyst and a supported platinum group metal catalyst. The zeolite catalyst comprises a base metal, a noble metal, and a zeolite. The supported platinum group metal catalyst comprises one or more platinum group metals and one or more inorganic oxide carriers. The invention also includes an exhaust system comprising the cold start catalyst. The cold start catalyst and the process result in improved NO.sub.x storage and NO.sub.x conversion, improved hydrocarbon storage and conversion, and improved CO oxidation through the cold start period.

Disclosed is an integrated process and system to generate power and convert acyclic C5 feedstock to non-aromatic, cyclic C5 hydrocarbon. A combustion device, such as a turbine, and reactor tubes containing catalyst compound are disclosed. A process involving contacting acyclic C5 feedstock with catalyst composition and obtaining cyclic C5 hydrocarbon is also disclosed.

Disclosed is a process and system to convert acyclic C.sub.5 feedstock to non-aromatic, cyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbon. A furnace and reactor tubes comprising a catalyst compound are disclosed. A process involving contacting acyclic C.sub.5 feedstock with catalyst composition and obtaining cyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbon is also disclosed.

This invention relates to a process for converting acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons to cyclopentadiene in a reactor system, wherein the process comprises a reaction interval comprising: cyclically providing to the reactor system a feedstock comprising acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons; contacting the feedstock and with a particulate material comprising a catalyst material in a first reaction zone under reaction conditions to convert at least a portion of the acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons to a first effluent comprising cyclopentadiene; and a reheating interval comprising: cyclically halting the feedstock to the first reaction zone; and providing a reheating gas to the first reaction zone to reheat the particulate material.

This invention relates to a process for converting acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons to cyclic C.sub.5 compounds including cyclopentadiene in a reactor system, wherein the process comprises: providing to the reactor system a feedstock comprising acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons; providing to the reactor system a particulate material comprising a catalyst material; contacting the feedstock and the particulate material in at least one reaction zone under reaction conditions to convert at least a portion of the acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons to a first effluent comprising cyclopentadiene; wherein the feedstock flows co-current to a direction of a flow of the particulate material.

This invention relates to a process for converting acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons to cyclopentadiene including: providing to the at least one adiabatic reaction zone a feedstock comprising acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons at a temperature, T.sub.1, wherein the at least one adiabatic reaction zone comprises a first particulate material comprising catalyst material; contacting the feedstock and the first particulate material in the at least one adiabatic reaction zone under reaction conditions to convert at least a portion of the acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons to a first effluent comprising cyclopentadiene intermediates, unconverted acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons, and, optionally, cyclopentadiene; heating the first effluent to a temperature, T.sub.2; providing the first effluent to the at least one diabatic reaction zone; and contacting the first effluent and a second particulate material comprising catalyst material in the at least one diabatic reaction zone under reaction conditions to convert at least a portion of the cyclopentadiene intermediates and the unconverted acyclic C.sub.5 hydrocarbons to a second effluent comprising cyclopentadiene.