The invention relates to novel urethane or carbamate compounds which can act as a catalyst for the reaction of at least one isocyanate compound with at least one isocyanate-reactive compound, in particular for the manufacture of polyisocyanate polyaddition products, such as polyurethanes, in particular, for the manufacture of polyurethane (PU) foams, where they exhibit superior blowing performance.

The present application describes a novel type of picolinamide-cinchona organocatalyst that allows for the successful transformation of ketimines to chiral amines with very high enantioselectivities and with the highest TOFs reported for any particular organocatalyst to date. These organocatalysts have also been immobilized to a variety of solid supports, including magneto-nanoparticles.

Provided is a fuel reforming system that can convert gasoline into alcohol in a vehicle. Provided is a fuel reforming system (1) equipped with a reformer (15) having a reforming catalyst (152) that uses air to reform gasoline to produce alcohol, a mixer (14) which mixes gasoline and air and supplies the mixture to the reformer (15), and a condenser (16) which separates the gas produced in the reformer (15) into a gas phase and a condensed phase of which reformed fuel is the primary constituent; wherein the fuel reforming system (1) is characterized in that the reforming catalyst (152) is configured including a main catalyst for extracting hydrogen atoms from the hydrocarbons in the gasoline to produce alkyl radicals, and a catalytic promoter for reducing alkyl hydroperoxides produced from the alkyl radicals to produce alcohol.

A phthalate-free catalyst component for olefin polymerization comprising titanium, magnesium, a halogen, diether, and oxalic acid diamides represented by the following formula (I):

##STR00001##

and an olefin polymerization catalyst system consisting of the solid catalyst component, an organoaluminum compound, and an optional external electron donor compound. The present catalyst compositions improve diether-based catalyst selectivity while maintaining excellent catalyst activity and hydrogen response. An olefin polymer that has a moderate molecular weight distribution while maintaining higher stereoregularity (isotacticity) over diether-based catalyst, and better than or equal to phthalate-based catalyst can be produced by utilizing the inventive catalyst component.

The present invention provides a carbon nitride-based photocatalyst and a preparation method thereof. The photocatalyst is prepared by reaction of melem with 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride. The photocatalyst according to an embodiment of the present invention achieves energy level matching in structure between the melem structure and the 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, reduces a singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE.sub.ST), promotes an intersystem crossing process, thereby enhancing the singlet oxygen production and improving the selective photocatalytic oxidation ability.

The present invention includes a multi-layer 3D material, a method of making, and a catalyst comprising: a first, a second, and a third layer, wherein each of the layers are arranged in a nearly parallel fashion with chirality along a center plane.

Fuel reform apparatus includes: internal combustion engine including injector and configured so that compression-ignition combustion is carried out in combustion chamber; reform unit interposed in fuel supply path from fuel tank to injector and including reformer reforming fuel stored in fuel tank by oxidation reaction; and controller including CPU and memory. Controller performs: estimating progress level of oxidation reaction in reformer; and controlling operation of reform unit based on progress level of oxidation reaction estimated.

A composition that comprises a support material having incorporated therein a metal component and impregnated with an additive compound that is selected from the group of heterocyclic, polar compounds of the formula C.sub.xH.sub.nN.sub.yO.sub.z; wherein: x is an integer of at least 3; y is either 0, 1, 2, or 3; z is either 0, 1, 2, or 3; and n is the number of hydrogen atoms required to fill the remaining bonds with the carbon atoms of the molecule. The composition includes the support material that is impregnated with the additive compound and is useful in the hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon feedstocks, especially in the denitrogenation and desulfurization of distillate feedstocks to make ultra low sulfur diesel.

A trimerization catalyst composition comprising a trimerization catalyst compound selected from one or more organic metal salt, preferably alkali or earth alkali metal salts, and one or more compounds selected from compounds which comprise a carboxamide group having the structure —CO—NH.sub.2 and/or from compounds which comprise a group having the structure —CO—NH—CO— is disclosed.

Further a stable polyisocyanate composition comprising the catalyst composition and a process for making the polyisocyanate composition is disclosed.

A curable polyisocyanate composition is obtained comprising the catalyst composition, a polyisocyanate composition, an epoxy resin and optionally a polyol/monool composition and a polyisocyanurate comprising material made by allowing the curable composition to react at elevated temperature and a process for making the polyisocyanurate comprising material.

A blocking agent dissociation catalyst for blocked isocyanates comprising a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula (1a): ##STR00001##
wherein D is represented by Formula (2): ##STR00002##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and a are as described in the specification.