The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel to increase the cetane value of the hydrocarbon fuel. The system includes a microstatic mixer and a microchannel reactor downstream of the microstatic mixer. The microchannel reactor includes a microchannel with an NHPI catalyst coated onto the walls of the microchannel. A hydrocarbon fuel and an oxygen-containing gas are combined and mixed in the microstatic mixer to produce a combined stream and the combined stream is passed through the microchannel. The microchannel reactor includes a heat transfer system. The hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen-containing gas are contacted in the microchannel in the presence of the catalyst at a reaction temperature sufficient to produce a reformed hydrocarbon fuel having a cetane value greater than a cetane value of the starting hydrocarbon fuel.

According to one or more other aspects of the present disclosure, a system for reforming a liquid hydrocarbon fuel includes a mixing zone with a fuel intake fluidly coupled to a liquid hydrocarbon fuel source and an oxygen-containing gas intake fluidly coupled to an oxygen-containing gas source. The mixing zone further includes at least one atomizing nozzle and a fuel distribution zone downstream the at least on atomizing nozzle. The system also includes a catalyst reaction zone downstream the mixing zone, including a monolith block having a plurality of flow channels defined by monolith walls and a reforming catalyst coated onto the monolith walls. The atomizing nozzle generates a plurality of droplets comprising the liquid hydrocarbon fuel suspended in oxygen-containing gas. The fuel distribution zone distributes the plurality of droplets to each of the plurality of flow channels to contact the reforming catalyst including N-hydroxyphthalimide.

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel to increase the cetane value of the hydrocarbon fuel. The system includes a microstatic mixer and a microchannel reactor downstream of the microstatic mixer. The microchannel reactor includes a microchannel with an NHPI catalyst coated onto the walls of the microchannel. A hydrocarbon fuel and an oxygen-containing gas are combined and mixed in the microstatic mixer to produce a combined stream and the combined stream is passed through the microchannel. The microchannel reactor includes a heat transfer system. The hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen-containing gas are contacted in the microchannel in the presence of the catalyst at a reaction temperature sufficient to produce a reformed hydrocarbon fuel having a cetane value greater than a cetane value of the starting hydrocarbon fuel.

According to one or more other aspects of the present disclosure, a system for reforming a liquid hydrocarbon fuel includes a mixing zone with a fuel intake fluidly coupled to a liquid hydrocarbon fuel source and an oxygen-containing gas intake fluidly coupled to an oxygen-containing gas source. The mixing zone further includes at least one atomizing nozzle and a fuel distribution zone downstream the at least on atomizing nozzle. The system also includes a catalyst reaction zone downstream the mixing zone, including a monolith block having a plurality of flow channels defined by monolith walls and a reforming catalyst coated onto the monolith walls. The atomizing nozzle generates a plurality of droplets comprising the liquid hydrocarbon fuel suspended in oxygen-containing gas. The fuel distribution zone distributes the plurality of droplets to each of the plurality of flow channels to contact the reforming catalyst including N-hydroxyphthalimide.

The invention is related to the sphere technologies for desulfurization and demercaptanization of gaseous hydrocarbons. It can be used for purification of any gaseous hydrocarbon medium. The device includes a catalytic reactor loaded with a catalyst solution in an organic solvent, a means of withdrawal sulfur solution from the reactor into the sulfur-separating unit, and a sulfur-separating unit. The sulfur-separation unit includes a means of sulfur extraction. The reactor design and the catalyst composition provide conversion of at least 99.99% of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans into sulfur and disulfides. The catalyst is composed of mixed-ligand complexes of transition metals. The technical result achieved by use of claimed invention is effectively a single-stage purification of gaseous hydrocarbons from hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans with remaining concentration of SH down to 0.001 ppm while leaving no toxic waste.

A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a biomass feedstock is provided. The process comprises:

contacting the feedstock with one or more hydropyrolysis catalyst compositions and molecular hydrogen to produce a product stream comprising hydropyrolysis product that is at least partially deoxygenated;

hydroconverting said hydropyrolysis product in the presence of one or more hydroconversion catalyst compositions to produce a vapour phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon product,

wherein one or both of the hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and the hydroconversion catalyst composition is produced in a process comprising incorporating one or more metals selected from those of groups 6, 9, and 10 of the periodic table, into a shaped support; and incorporating one or more coordinating organic compounds into said shaped support, thus forming a catalyst precursor; and then either (i) treating the catalyst precursor in the presence of hydrogen and sulfiding it or (ii) calcining the catalyst precursor.

The invention has as its object a catalyst that comprises a substrate based on alumina or silica or silica-alumina, at least one element from group VIII, at least one element from group VIB, and an organic compound of formula (I)

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in which R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are selected from among a hydrogen atom, or a hydroxyl radical, or a hydrocarbon radical that comprises from 1 to 12 carbon atoms that can also comprise at least one oxygen atom, and R6 is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon radical that comprises from 1 to 12 carbon atoms that can also comprise at least one oxygen atom, a methacryloyl radical, an acryloyl radical or an acetyl radical. The invention also relates to the method for preparation of said catalyst and its use in a method for hydrotreatment and/or hydrocracking.

This application is in the field of technologies for desulfurization and demercaptanization of gaseous hydrocarbons. The device includes a catalytic reactor loaded with a catalyst solution in an organic solvent, a means of withdrawal sulfur solution from the reactor into the sulfur-separating unit, and a sulfur-separating unit. The said device has at least means of supplying gaseous hydrocarbon medium to be purified and oxygen-containing gas into the reactor, and a means of outletting the purified gas from the reactor. The sulfur-separation unit includes a means of sulfur extraction. The reactor design and the catalyst composition provide conversion of at least 99.99% of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans into sulfur and disulfides. The catalyst is composed of mixed-ligand complexes of transition metals. The technical result achieved by use of claimed invention is single-stage purification of gaseous hydrocarbons from hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans with remaining concentration of SH down up to 0.001 ppm.

Provided is a composition comprising a) a stable aqueous dispersion of polymer particles, b) a sorbic acid ester, c) a photocatalyst and d) a free radical precursor. The composition provides a way to increase Koenig hardness of a coating rapidly and with reduced yellowing.

The invention concerns ionic compounds in which the anionic load has been delocalized. A compound disclosed by the invention is comprised of an amide or one of its salts, including an anionic portion combined with at least one cationic portion M.sup.+m in sufficient numbers to ensure overall electronic neutrality; the compound is further comprised of M as a hydroxonium, a nitrosonium NO.sup.+, an ammonium NH.sub.4.sup.+, a metallic cation with the valence m, an organic cation with the valence m, or an organometallic cation with the valence m. The anionic portion matches the formula R.sub.FSO.sub.xN.sup.?Z, where R.sub.F is a perflourinated group, x is 1 or 3, and Z is an electroattractive substituent. The compounds can be used notably for ionic conducting materials, electronic conducting materials, colorants and the catalysis of various chemical reactions.