Disclosed is catalyst composition, a process for preparing the catalyst composition, and a use of the catalyst composition. The catalyst composition comprises 1 wt % to 4 wt % of free azacarbene, 1 wt % to 2 wt % of azacarbene iron, 15 wt % to 30 wt % of a phase transfer catalyst, 1 wt % to 5 wt % of a hydrogen donor, 5 wt % to 10 wt % of phosphoric acid, 0.5 wt % to 1 wt % of emulsifier, with the rest being solvent. This disclosure also provides a process for preparing the catalyst composition, comprising: mixing the free azacarbene and the azacarbene iron with the solvent according to a ratio, then adding and mixing the phase transfer catalyst and the hydrogen donor, then adding and mixing the phosphoric acid and the emulsifier to obtain the catalyst composition. The beneficial effect of this disclosure is: only less azacarbene iron and free azacarbene are needed to achieve rapid and efficient viscosity reduction of heavy oil.

Methods and catalysts for oxidizing ammonia to nitrogen are described. Specifically, diruthenium complexes that spontaneously catalyze this reaction are disclosed. Accordingly, the disclosed methods and catalysts can be used in various electrochemical cell-based energy storage and energy production applications that could form the basis for a potential nitrogen economy.

A method for making a fuel includes reacting a conjugated diene or a mixture of conjugated dienes with a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a low valent iron catalyst stabilized with a pyridineimine ligand, an iron precatalyst coordinated to the pyridineimine ligand that is activated with a reducing agent, a low oxidation state Fe complex stabilized with a pyridineimine ligand and a coordinating ligand, and combinations thereof, thereby forming a substituted cyclooctadiene. The substituted cyclooctadiene is then hydrogenated, thereby forming cyclooctane fuel.

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for synthesis of heteroaromatic biaryls by a light-assisted decarboxylative carbon-carbon cross-coupling reaction, wherein the composition comprises (i) a palladium compound which is selected from a palladium salt or a palladium complex or a mixture thereof, (ii) at least one of the following compounds: a compound of Formula (I)

##STR00001## a compound of Formula (II)

##STR00002## an iridium complex comprising ligands L.sup.1, L.sup.2 and L.sup.3, wherein the ligands L.sup.1, L.sup.2 and L.sup.3 are selected, independently from each other, from a phenylpyridine and a bipyridine.

An oxidative homocoupling method of synthesizing certain 2,2-bithiophenes from thiophenes using oxygen as the terminal oxidant is disclosed. In non-limiting examples, the method uses oxygen along with a catalytic system that includes palladium, an assistive ligand, and a non-palladium metal additive to catalyze one of the following reactions:

##STR00001##

Associated catalytic systems and compositions are also disclosed.

A method for making a metal organic framework suspension is described herein. The method includes providing a hybrid material comprising a nano-crystalline metal organic framework comprising micropores and a mesoporous polymeric material comprising mesopores, wherein the nano-crystalline metal organic framework is homogeneously dispersed and substantially present only within the mesopores or void spaces of the mesoporous polymeric material; and wherein the hybrid material has a weight percentage of the metal organic framework in the range of 5-50% relative to the total weight of the hybrid material. The method includes contacting the hybrid material with a solvent in which the mesoporous polymeric material is soluble, thereby forming a polymeric solution in which the nano-crystalline metal organic framework is substantially homogeneously dispersed and suspended.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a deuterated ethanol from ethanol, D.sub.2O, a ruthenium catalyst, and a co-solvent.

A catalyst system including the product of the combination of an unbridged Group 4 metallocene compound and a 2,6-bis(imino)pyridyl iron complex is provided. A process for the polymerization of monomers (such as olefin monomers) and a polymer produced therefrom are also provided.

The invention describes single-site metal catalysts such as Pt single-site centers on powdered oxide supports with a 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (PDO) or bis-pyrimidyltetrazine (BMTZ) ligand on powdered MgO, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, or CeO.sub.2.

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the molar ratio of oxygen to iron being fed to the oligomerization reaction zone is of from 1:1 to 200:1. Alternatively, the molar ratio of oxygen to aluminum in MMAO being fed to the oligomerization reaction zone is less than 1:5.