Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst including a chromium compound coordinated with a ligand and a co-catalyst including an organoaluminum compound. The ligand may have a chemical structure: (R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)A-X—C(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4). A and C may be phosphorus. X may be B(R.sub.5), Si(R.sub.5).sub.2, N(R.sub.5), wherein R.sub.5 is an aryl group substituted with a halogen, halogenated alkyl or a silyl group, and wherein B, or N, or Si is bound to A and C. R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 may be independently chosen hydrocarbyl groups or heterohydrocarbyl groups.

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst including a reaction product of a chromium compound and a ligand having the structure according to Formula (II). In Formula (II), A and C may be independently chosen from phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and nitrogen; B may be a linking group between A and C; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 may be independently chosen from a (C.sub.1-C.sub.50) hydrocarbyl or a (C.sub.1-C.sub.50) heterohydrocarbyl. The catalyst system may include a co-catalyst including a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more quaternary salts; one or more organic acids, organic acid salts, esters, anhydrides, or combinations of these; one or more chlorinated hydrocarbons, chloro-aluminum alkyls, or combinations of these; one or more polyether alcohols; or one or more non-polymeric ethers.

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst including a chromium compound coordinated with a ligand and a co-catalyst including an organoaluminum compound. The ligand may have a chemical structure: (R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)A-X—C(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4). A and C may be phosphorus. X may be B(R.sub.5), Si(R.sub.5).sub.2, N(R.sub.5), wherein R.sub.5 is an aryl group substituted with a halogen, halogenated alkyl or a silyl group, and wherein B, or N, or Si is bound to A and C. R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 may be independently chosen hydrocarbyl groups or heterohydrocarbyl groups.

A method for preparing a homogenous catalyst for use in preparing a linear alpha olefin includes: preparing a first pre-catalyst solution by mixing a chromium source and a ligand in a first solvent, wherein the first pre-catalyst solution is stored in a first vessel; preparing a second pre-catalyst solution by mixing an organoaluminum compound and a modifier in a second solvent, wherein the second pre-catalyst solution is stored in a second vessel; and simultaneously feeding the first pre-catalyst solution and the second pre-catalyst solution directly into a reaction vessel, wherein the reaction vessel includes a third solvent.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis catalyst compounds, to the preparation of such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds, articles of manufacture comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysts, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals industry.

The present invention relates to a bisphosphine ligand compound, a chromium compound prepared using same, an ethylene oligomerization catalyst system containing the chromium compound, and an ethylene oligomer preparing method, wherein the bisphosphine ligand compound is suitable for mass production and commercial processes, allows extremely high activity to be compatible with excellent economical benefit, and increases selectivity for ethylene oligomerization reaction, thereby being able to be used to manufacture 1-hexene and/or 1-octene at high yield.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.