The present invention discloses a homogenous cerium (Ce) catalyst composition comprising Ce(IV) complex alone, or Ce(IV) complex in a mixture with Ce(III) complex, that can significantly improve both LPG and soot combustion, resulting in higher flame temperatures, faster heating, reduced cooking time and reduced fuel consumption. The cerium(III) complex is cerium(III) 2-ethylhexanoate and the cerium(IV) complex is aqua(2-N-(2-hydroxyethylimino)-4-pentanoate) dinitrocerium(IV) [Ce(L1)(H.sub.2O)(NO.sub.3).sub.2], wherein L1 is 2-N-(2-hydroxyethylimino)-4-pentanone.

A macromolecules containing metal and a use thereof as a catalyst, said macromolecules containing metal being obtained by causing a ligand to react with a zinc compound or a cobalt compound, said ligand having an imidazole group that is bonded to a macromolecule via a linker.

Disclosed is a heterogeneous catalyst for producing acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol. In the heterogeneous catalyst, a rhodium complex ion is ionically bonded to an insoluble catalyst support, and the insoluble catalyst support includes a fluoropolymer having a quaternary pyridine radical alone or in combination with an acetate radical grafted on the surface thereof. According to the disclosure, a fixed-bed bubble column reactor can be easily designed. In addition, a special device for catalyst separation is not required, and thus the device manufacturing cost can be saved, the operating cost can be reduced due to process simplification, and productivity can be greatly increased.

A liquid phase selective oxidation process is described. The process involves the partial oxidation of alkanes to partially oxidized products. A lower alkane, a solvent, and a soluble metal catalyst are contacted in the presence of an oxidizing agent in a reaction zone under partial oxidation conditions to produce the partially oxidized products. The partially oxidized products include one or more of lower alkyl alcohols, lower alkyl ketones, and lower alkyl acetates. The soluble metal catalyst is a soluble metal salt of cobalt, manganese, chromium, titanium, copper, nickel, vanadium, iron, molybdenum, tin, cerium, zirconium, or combinations thereof, and the promoter comprises a bromine source, an imide source, or combinations thereof.

The present invention provides a photolatent Ti-chelate catalyst formulation, comprising (i) at least one compound of the formula (I) wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl or C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl which is interrupted by one or more non-consecutive O-atoms; Y is formula (II) or optionally substituted phenyl; Y.sub.1 is formula (III) or optionally substituted phenyl; Y.sub.2 is formula (IV) or optionally substituted phenyl; Y.sub.3 is formula (V) or optionally substituted phenyl; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 independently of each other are hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, or R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 independently of each other are optionally substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.14aryl, provided that only one of R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 is hydrogen and only one of R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 is hydrogen and only one of R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 is hydrogen and only one of R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.13 is hydrogen; and (ii) at least one chelate ligand compound of the formula IIa, IIb or IIc, wherein Y is formula (VI) or formula (VII); Y.sub.1 is formula (VIII) or formula (IX); R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 independently of each other have on of the meanings as given for R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12 and R.sub.13; and R.sub.14, R.sub.15 and R.sub.16 independently of each other have on of the meanings as given for R.sub.14, R.sub.15 and R.sub.16. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides cis-polycycloolefins and methods for forming cis-polycycloolefins typically having 50% or greater cis carbon-carbon double bonds comprising contacting a first cyclic hydrocarbyl monomer with a catalyst represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein: M is a group 8 metal; Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2, and Q.sup.3 are independently oxygen or sulfur; each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 is a halogen; R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-C.sub.40 hydrocarbyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.40 substituted hydrocarbyl; and each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12, R.sup.13, R.sup.14, R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.17, R.sup.18, and R.sup.19 is independently hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.40 hydrocarbyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.40 substituted hydrocarbyl. In at least one embodiment, a polycyclopentene has 50% or greater cis carbon-carbon double bonds.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol by reacting phenol with isobutylene in presence of an aluminum phenoxide catalyst, comprising i) preparing an aluminum phenoxide catalyst and phenol comprising mixture a) by mix-ing aluminum metal with phenol, and activating the catalyst by heating the mixture to a temperature of 100 to 180 C., and ii) carrying out a reaction b) by reacting mixture a) with an isobutylene comprising stream comprising 20 to 90% by weight of isobutylene and 10 to 80% by weight of 1-butene and/or 2-butene, which reaction is carried out under pressure and the maximum pressure is 5 to 20 bar.

Disclosed is a novel transition metal complex containing N-heterocyclic carbene and a sulfonamide group, or N-heterocyclic carbene and an amide group, and application thereof, the transition metal complex having a wider range of general purposes in olefin metathesis and being able to be variably controlled in reactivity.

The invention is directed to a method for preparing a phenolic compound comprising reacting a furanic compound with a dienophile in the presence of a catalyst comprising yttrium.

Metal catalyst compounds are disclosed. The catalyst compound are represented by the formula (I-II and VII): wherein M is a Group 8 metal; X is an anionic ligand; L is a neutral two electron donor ligand; K 2 (A-E) is a ditopic or multitopic ligand. Also disclosed is an easy applicable catalyst synthesis and the application in different olefin metathesis processes, e.g. Reaction Injection Molding (RIM), rotational molding, vacuum infusion, vacuum forming, process for conversion of fatty acids and fatty acid esters or mixtures thereof, in -olefins, dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic esters, etc.