The invention relates to a method for cleaning a phosgene-conducting apparatus by pressurization with ammonia gas to constant pressure. In this way, phosgene residues in the apparatus to be cleaned are decomposed effectively.

Herein are described apparatus and processes for the preparation of cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and derivatives thereof. The apparatus and processes described can be used for the one-step, flow-mediated synthesis of cannabidiol and derivatives with improved overall yield, material throughput, and product purity relative to batch processes.

A pilot plant for chemical looping hydrogen generation using a single-column packed bed and hydrogen generation method. The plant has a feeding system, reaction system, tail gas treatment and analysis system, and auxiliary system. The reaction system has a packed bed reactor, inside which a thermal storage layer, oxygen carrier layer and supporting layer are arranged successively from top to bottom. The feeding system has a delivery pipe, metering pump, mass flow controller and fuel mixer. The tail gas treatment and analysis system has a cooler, gas-liquid separator, mass flow meter, gas analyzer and tail gas pipe. The packed bed reactor is subjected to fuel reduction, purge, steam oxidation, purge, air combustion and purge stages successively under control of the feeding system. The pilot plant enables evaluation for oxygen carriers and identification for technological difficulties and can generate high-purity hydrogen without using complex gas purification devices.

Herein are described apparatus and processes for the preparation of cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and derivatives thereof. The apparatus and processes described can be used for the one-step, flow-mediated synthesis of cannabidiol and derivatives with improved overall yield, material throughput, and product purity relative to batch processes.

A method for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) of petroleum oil feedstock includes reacting the petroleum oil feedstock with a catalyst mixture in a reaction zone of an FCC unit to obtain a product stream including desulfurized hydrocarbon product, unreacted petroleum oil feedstock, and spent catalyst. During the reacting a process control system develops a process model based on data collected during the reacting, the process model characterizing a relationship among the feed rate of the base cracking catalyst, the feed rate of the FCC additive, the operating conditions, the composition of the product stream, and emissions from the reaction; and one or more of (i) a target feed rate of the base cracking catalyst, (ii) a target feed rate of the FCC additive, and (iii) one or more target operating conditions of the reaction in the reaction zone to reduce the emissions from the FCC unit and to increase a yield of the desulfurized hydrocarbon product in the product stream are determined.

A method for determining polymer concentration can include synthesizing a polymer in a reactor under a set of parameters, wherein the reactor comprises a solution mixture having a refractive index, and wherein the solution mixture comprises a solvent, a polymer, and optionally a monomer, wherein the solution mixture has a polymer concentration; measuring the refractive index of the solution mixture; comparing the refractive index of the solution mixture with a calibration curve; and identifying the polymer concentration in the solution mixture. A system for determining polymer concentration can include a reactor containing a solution mixture comprising a solvent, a polymer, and optionally a monomer; a flash vessel fluidly coupled to the reactor to receive the solution mixture from the reactor; and a first refractometer fluidly coupled to the reactor, placed between the reactor and the flash vessel, and configured to measure a refractive index of the solution mixture.

Herein are described apparatus and processes for the preparation of cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and derivatives thereof. The apparatus and processes described can be used for the one-step, flow-mediated synthesis of cannabidiol and derivatives with improved overall yield, material throughput, and product purity relative to batch processes.

A system and method is disclosed for efficiently sulfiding metal catalyst resident in a reactor vessel comprises a sulfiding module and a hydrogen sulfide detection module and a remote computer all arranged and configured to communicate wirelessly and to allow remote control and monitoring of the modules and sulfiding process.

The present disclosure provides a system for energy recycling using mechanical vapor recompression in combined chemical process, the system including a heat exchange reactor for generating an intermediate material by means of an exothermic reaction and discharging the generated intermediate material, and heat-exchanging heat generated in the exothermic reaction with water supplied from outside so as to generate water vapor; an absorption tank for receiving the intermediate material, and mixing the intermediate material with water, so as to generate an intermediate material aqueous solution; a stripper for receiving the intermediate material aqueous solution, and separating the intermediate material into an intermediate material gas and an intermediate material water-rich aqueous solution; an endothermic reactor for receiving the intermediate material water-rich aqueous solution, and reacting the intermediate material with water, so as to generate a final product aqueous solution; an evaporation concentrator for receiving the final product aqueous solution, and heat-exchanging heat of the water vapor from the heat exchange reactor with the final product aqueous solution so as to generate steam; a dehydrating distillation tower for receiving, dehydrating, and purifying the final product aqueous solution discharged from the evaporation concentrator; and a mechanical vapor recompressor for compressing the steam from the evaporation concentrator, and providing the compressed steam as a source of heat or a source of steam supply.

The invention relates to a method for cleaning a phosgene-conducting apparatus by pressurization with ammonia gas to constant pressure. In this way, phosgene residues in the apparatus to be cleaned are decomposed effectively.