A method is described for retrofitting a hydrogen production unit, said hydrogen production unit having, a purification unit that separates the hydrogen-enriched gas into a hydrogen product stream and an off-gas stream, said method comprising the steps of: (a) installing a gas-heated reformer, and installing a carbon dioxide removal unit; (b) feeding a mixture of hydrocarbon and steam the gas-heated reformer, (c) combining the gas recovered with a second gas recovered and using the combined synthesis gas to heat reformer tubes in the gas-heated reformer; (d) recovering a cooled gas and passing the cooled gas to the water gas shift unit; (e) feeding the gas to the carbon dioxide removal unit to produce a carbon dioxide stream and a crude hydrogen stream, and; (f) passing the crude hydrogen stream to the purification unit. The invention further includes a process and system for producing hydrogen using the production unit.

The invention relates to a reactor for autothermal or endothermic reactions, in particular for cracking ammonia, said reactor comprising: an inlet (12) for supplying a starting gas and an outlet (13) for discharging cracking gas; a reactor chamber (14) filled with a catalyst (2); and a flat-tube heat exchanger (3) located in the reactor (1), the flat-tube heat exchanger (3) being positioned in such a way that a starting gas flowing to the reactor chamber (14) and a cracking gas flowing out of the reactor chamber (14) can flow therethrough, so that energy from the out-flowing cracking gas can be transferred to the supplied starting gas. The invention also relates to: devices (100) for autothermal or endothermic reactions; a module (700); and a method for autothermal or endothermic reactions.

Assembly comprising a reactor, a waste heat boiler, an actuator, a shaft, a shaft sealing element, an axial bearing and a temperature control means, wherein the waste heat boiler is connected to the reactor, wherein the shaft, the shaft sealing element and the axial bearing are arranged on a common axis, wherein the waste heat boiler has an opening through which the shaft is passed and which is sealed by the shaft sealing element, wherein the actuator is arranged outside the waste heat boiler, wherein the temperature control means is arranged inside the waste heat boiler, wherein the actuator is coupled to the shaft at a first end and wherein the actuator is designed to effect rotational drive of the shaft, wherein the temperature control means is coupled to the shaft at a second end and is designed to be adjusted by rotational motion of the shaft, wherein the axial bearing is designed to counteract a motion of the shaft in the direction of the first end of the shaft.

The invention concerns a process and apparatus for cracking ammonia in which heated ammonia gas at super-atmospheric pressure is partially cracked in at least two adiabatic reactors in series with interstage heating in which the feed temperature to a first reactor is higher than the feed temperature to a further reactor to produce a partially cracked ammonia gas which is then fed to catalyst-containing reactor tubes in a furnace to produce a cracked gas comprising hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas and residual ammonia gas. The use of the adiabatic reactors enables more efficient heat integration within the process and the higher temperature in the first reactor enables the use of a nickel-based catalyst in that reactor as an alternative solution to the potential problem of the presence of oil in the ammonia.

A device (1.1, 1.2) with a reactor vessel (2), a tube bundle (3) of multiple tubes (4), and at least one support plate (5), wherein the tube bundle (3) is disposed in the reactor vessel (2), wherein the support plate (5) is disposed in the reactor vessel (2) transversely to a longitudinal axis (6) of the reactor vessel (2), wherein each tube (4) of the tube bundle (3) is routed through a respective tube opening (7) of the support plate (5), wherein the support plate (5) supports the tubes (4) of the tube bundle (3) in the tube openings (7) transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tubes (4), wherein the support plate (5) has fluid-exchange cutouts (8) between the tube openings (7).

Syngas production and separation plant comprising: -At least one reformer for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into a gas stream comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and at least one hydrocarbon as impurity, said reformer comprising a fired tubular reformer, a radiant section, a convection section and a heat recovery section, -a carbon monoxide cold box downstream of the reformer configured to produce a carbon monoxide-enriched gas stream and a waste gas stream comprising hydrogen and at least one hydrocarbon, -a passageway for feeding the radiant section of the reformer with a first part of the waste gas stream from cold box, -a compressor for compressing a second part of the waste gas stream from cold box, -a hydrogen-permeating membrane separation system configured to be fed by the compressed second part of the waste gas stream and to produce a hydrogen-enriched permeate and a hydrocarbon-enriched retentate.

A catalyst support system for an ammonia oxidation burner, comprising a catalytic gauze for oxidation of ammonia; a basket connected to a supporting ring for containing an inert and/or a catalyst for removing N.sub.2O from a gaseous effluent of said catalytic gauze; said basket has a modular structure including a plurality of modules, wherein each module includes a gas-permeable surface and a supporting frame, wherein each module is connected to adjacent modules by connections adapted to allow a limited displacement between modules, wherein only outer modules forming the periphery of the basket are connected to said supporting ring.

Disclosed is a combined reformer including two or more catalyst tubes reacting at different temperatures, having different reforming reactions continuously performed as a combustion gas sequentially supplies heat to two or more catalyst tubes, and capable of easily replacing a catalyst, and a catalyst replacement method thereof.

A fixed bed reactor based on the principle of thermoelectric to achieve in-situ heat removal and in-situ temperature measurement for strong exothermic reactions involves the field of fixed bed devices for heat reuse of exothermic reactions. Specifically, it relates to the field of fixed bed devices based on the principle of thermoelectric for timely heat removal of strong exothermic reactions, and can also measure and monitor the temperature and heat of exothermic reactions from multiple angles, enhancing the heat transfer of the catalytic bed layer, effectively eliminating or reducing the generation of reaction hotspots, and avoiding catalyst deactivation. The utility model comprises a fixed bed reaction tube, and the top of the fixed bed reaction tube is equipped with an infrared temperature measurement system, a potential detection system, and an electric energy collection system.