Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include an insulation base having insulating material and at least one passage that extends through the insulating material. In some embodiments, the at least one passage may be in fluid communication with a combustion region.

At a center portion of a ceiling wall of a furnace body having a lateral wall between the ceiling wall and a bottom wall, there is a burner that combusts downwards. A reforming reaction tube is provided in a circumference of the burner to carry out a steam reforming treatment on a source gas. A discharging portion is an opening at an upper side portion of the lateral wall for discharging combustion gas of the burner. A cylindrical outer wall is disposed at an outer side portion of the lateral wall. In an outside space formed between the lateral wall and the outer wall, there is a steam generating heat exchanger generating steam or a mixture gas of a source gas and steam. At a lower side portion of the outer wall, there is outside discharging opening discharging the combustion gas which flows through the outside space.

The present disclosure relates generally to portable energy generation devices and methods. The devices are designed to covert formic acid into released hydrogen, alleviating the need for a hydrogen tank as a hydrogen source for fuel cell power. In particular, an electricity generation device for powering a battery comprising a formic acid reservoir containing a liquid consisting of formic acid; a reaction chamber capable of using a catalyst and heat to convert the formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide; a fuel cell that generates electricity; a delivery system for moving converted hydrogen into the fuel cell; and a battery powered by electricity generated by the fuel cell is provided.

A system for the treatment of materials, to be selected from between materials in a fluid state (1) and particles suspended in a fluid material (1), comprising at least one upper kinematic pair equipped with two mechanical elements (2a, 2b; 2a, 2c), said kinematic pair being in contact with a material in a fluid state (1) or with particles suspended in a fluid material (1); motor means (5) to generate a pre-set relative velocity (v) between the elements (2a, 2b; 2a, 2c) of said kinematic pair, and tensioning means (8) to subject said kinematic pair to a pre-set pressure (P).

Reactors and methods of using the reactors to produce 1-butene are disclosed. A feed stream comprising n-butane is flowed to a dehydrogenation compartment of a reactor. The dehydrogenation compartment includes a dehydrogenation catalyst for catalyzing the dehydrogenation of n-butane to produce a dehydrogenation compartment effluent comprising 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, and/or unreacted n-butane. The dehydrogenation compartment effluent is flowed to a isomerization compartment of the reactor. The isomerization compartment contains a catalyst for isomerizing 2-butene in the dehydrogenation compartment effluent to produce 1-butene. A heating section is disposed between the dehydrogenation compartment and the isomerization compartment to provide heat for the reactions in both compartments.

In at least one embodiment, a reactor includes a reactor body. A first internal heat exchanger and a second internal heat exchanger are within the reactor body. One or more slabs of one or more static inserts are disposed between the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger. A plurality of flow paths is defined between the plurality of flow channels of the first internal heat exchanger and the plurality of flow channels of the second internal heat exchanger. Each static insert is configured to rotate or translate a flow path so that on average, the existing boundary layers formed in the first heat exchanger are moved away from the channel walls by a distance of equal or greater than the thickness of the boundary layers at the exit of the first heat exchanger.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a transition metal lithium oxide, comprising steps of: A) mixing a lithium salt and a transition metal compound, and performing a pretreatment to obtain a precursor; wherein the pretreatment temperature is 100-300° C.; and the pretreatment time is 1-10 h; B) precalcining the precursor to obtain an intermediate; and C) continuously feeding the intermediate into a feed port of a moving bed reactor, and calcining, to obtain a transition metal lithium oxide. In the present disclosure, a pretreatment process is performed before the precalcination, and the pretreatment temperature and time are further limited, thereby solving the problem of material hardening during the calcination process of battery materials. In conjunction with using a moving bed reactor, the gas phase and the solid phase are sufficiently contacted, and at the same time the thickness of the filler is increased, the productivity is enhanced and the oxygen consumption is largely decreased at the same time. The present disclosure further provides an apparatus for preparing a transition metal lithium oxide.

In one embodiment, a reactor includes a reactor body and a reactor head. The reactor head has a reactor head body and one or more inlets disposed tangentially to the reactor head body. In one embodiment, a polymerization process for forming polymer includes introducing in a first direction a stream including a monomer. The stream and a catalyst system are flowed in a second direction through at least one internal heat exchanger. The second direction is substantially orthogonal to the first direction. The reaction zone includes at least one internal heat exchanger. At least a portion of the monomer of the stream is polymerized in the reaction zone to produce a polymer product. The polymer product is recovered from the reaction zone.

The reaction rate of hydrocarbon pyrolysis can be increased to produce solid carbon and hydrogen by the use of molten materials which have catalytic functionality to increase the rate of reaction and physical properties that facilitate the formation and contamination-free separation of the solid carbon. Processes, materials, reactor configurations, and conditions are disclosed whereby methane and other hydrocarbons can be decomposed at high reaction rates into hydrogen gas and carbon products without any carbon oxides in a single reaction step. The process also makes use of specific properties of selected materials with unique solubilities and/or wettability of products into (and/or by) the molten phase to facilitate generation of purified products and increased conversion in more general reactions.

Provided is an integrated device for preparing magnesium hydride powder and a method for preparing magnesium hydride powder. The device comprises a heating chamber for heating a magnesium-based metal material to produce metal droplets; a powder-making chamber comprising an atomizing means used for atomizing the metal droplets which are then cooled to form a metal powder; and a reaction chamber used for performing a hydrogenation reaction on the metal powder to form the magnesium hydride powder. The device is an integrated structure monolithic with a simple structure and a convenient operation; and the entire process of preparing magnesium hydride powder can be completed in this single device and can realize automated control. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate and produces a product that has a moderate size, uniform particles, and excellent performance.