A process includes periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system, oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product, and periodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system. The reaction system includes a total reaction mixture volume and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium. A ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system is in a range from 0.75 in.sup.1 to 5 in.sup.1, and an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.0 (lb)(hr.sup.1)(gal.sup.1) to 6.0 (lb)(hr.sup.1)(gal.sup.1).

A system, for production of high-quality syngas, comprising a first dual fluidized bed loop having a fluid bed conditioner operable to produce high quality syngas comprising a first percentage of components other than CO and H.sub.2 from a gas feed, wherein the conditioner comprises an outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature, and an inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature greater than the first temperature; a fluid bed combustor operable to combust fuel and oxidant, wherein the fluid bed combustor comprises an inlet connected with the outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner, and an outlet connected with the inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner; and a catalytic heat transfer material.

Processes and units are provided, which carry out cyclic steps of zinc oxidation and reduction of zinc oxide to combine an exothermic heat delivering step with an endothermic syngas production step, respectively. Both steps use zinc as the pivotal element that enables the process to be carried out cyclically. Heat is delivered from the exothermic step to the endothermic syngas via heat storage elements of various types which are arranged according to the reaction's conditions and characteristic temperatures. Thus, energy efficient syngas production methods and units are provided.

A multi-stage process and system for formation of a polyarylene sulfide is described. The multi-stage process can include at least three separate formation stages that can take place in three different reactors. The first stage of the formation process can include reaction of an alkali metal sulfide with an organic amide solvent to form a complex including a hydrolysis product of the solvent and an alkali metal hydrogen sulfide. The second stage of the formation process can include reaction of the complex formed in the first stage with a dihaloaromatic monomer to form a prepolymer, and the third stage can include further polymerization of the prepolymer with additional monomers to form the final product.

In a system for hydrogenation of an aromatic compound, an excessive temperature rise in the hydrogenation reaction unit is prevented, and the amount of the dilution gas to be circulated is minimized. The hydrogenation system (1) comprises a hydrogenation reaction unit (2) for producing a hydrogenated aromatic compound by adding hydrogen to an aromatic compound via a hydrogenation reaction, a separation unit (3) for separating the hydrogenated aromatic compound from a product of the hydrogenation reaction unit, and a transportation unit (4) for circulating at least a part of a residual component remaining in the separation unit after separating the hydrogenated aromatic compound therefrom to the hydrogenation reaction unit. The hydrogen supplied to the hydrogenation reaction unit consists of diluted hydrogen (L2) diluted by a dilution compound having a higher molar specific heat than nitrogen, and the dilution compound includes a component circulated to the hydrogenation reaction unit as the residual component.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to the production of polypropylene. At least one olefin monomer stream (10, 12) is fed to a polymerization zone (2). A recirculation gas stream (31) is withdrawn therefrom, compressed into a compressor (4), cooled in a first heat exchanger (5), separated in a phase separator (6), flashed in a pressure regulator (7), fed to a second heat exchanger (8), and recycled (83) to the polymerization zone (2).

A hydrogen production apparatus includes a first separation device that separates hydrogen from a steel by-product gas and discharges a first mixed gas containing carbon monoxide and methane, a pre-reforming device that receives the first mixed gas and a first water vapor, converts hydrocarbon into methane, and discharges a second mixed gas containing the methane, a mixed reforming device that receives the second mixed gas and a second water vapor and discharges a third mixed gas containing the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide, and a second separation device that individually separates the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide from the third mixed gas.

The present invention relates to a method for recovering energy in which heat is transferred to a first heat transfer fluid. the heated first heat transfer fluid is compressed and the compressed heat transfer fluid is used for vaporizing an aqueous condensate to steam, which can be used for heat recovery. The invention further relates to a facility for recovering steam and the use of one or more means for compressing a heated first heat transfer fluid for compressing a heated first heat transfer fluid to obtain a compressed first heat transfer fluid having a pressure p2 for transferring heat and vaporizing an aqueous condensate.

The invention relates to a system for producing polyolefin. The system comprises a gas phase reactor (1) for polymerizing an olefin to obtain polymerization product. The gas phase reactor (1) comprises a gas distribution plate (11) arranged inside the gas phase reactor (1); a first outlet (12) for continuously withdrawing polymerization product from the gas phase reactor (1) as a first product stream, the first outlet (12) being arranged above the gas distribution plate (11); and a second outlet (13) for continuously withdrawing polymerization product from the gas phase reactor (1) as a second product stream, the second outlet (13) being arranged above the gas distribution plate (11). The system further comprises a first outlet tank (2) in fluid communication with the first outlet (12) via a first passage (22), wherein the first passage (22) comprises a first valve means (221) for controlling the flow of the first product stream in the first passage (22) and wherein the first outlet tank (2) is arranged to receive the first product stream and to concentrate the first product stream; a product receiver tank (3) in fluid communication with the second outlet (13) via a second passage (31), wherein the second passage (31) comprises a second valve means (311) for controlling the flow of the second product stream in the second passage (31), and wherein the product receiver tank (3) is arranged to receive the second product stream; and a control means in communication with the first valve means (221) and the second valve means (311) and arranged to control the operation of the first valve means (221) and the second valve means (311) so that flow in only one of the first passage (22) and the second passage (31) is allowed at a time. The invention relates also to a process for recovering polymerization product from a gas phase reactor (1). The gas phase reactor (1) is suitable for polymerizing an olefin to obtain polymerization product and comprises a gas distribution plate (11) arranged inside the gas phase reactor (1); a first outlet (12) for continuously withdrawing polymerization product from the gas phase reactor (1), the first outlet (12) being arranged above the gas distribution plate (11); and a second outlet (13) for continuously withdrawing polymerization product from the gas phase reactor (1), the second outlet (13) being arranged above the gas distribution p

A method for enabling gas exchange and chemical reactions with one or more liquid streams contained in a reactive process vessel are provided. One or more exchange layers within the process vessel can be composed of both collector media and releaser media. The exchange layers allow elements to facilitate increased performance of vessel operations by promoting gas component mixing and diffusion. Improved rates of gas component exchange mean less coking and more gas components available for reaction.