Systems and methods related to centrifuge energy harvesting chambers (CEHCs) for gas production simulation are provided. Certain CEHCs may include a high-pressure chamber, high-pressure syringe pumps, cooling systems, an actuator and surcharge, backpressure control inside the wellbore, a heating element on the wellbore, water gas separation systems, and flow measurement systems. Certain CEHCs may also provide software operably connected to sensors and instrumentation, comprising a module to continuously, in real-time, periodically, or asynchronously, measure and monitor simulation variables.

A process for the preparation of ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in a facility having a high-pressure tubular reactor and a preheater, wherein a reaction fluid introduced into the reactor at a reactor inlet is heated in the preheater and the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater is lower than the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the tubular reactor and the ratio of the average velocity in the tubular reactor to the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater is in the range from 1.5 to 5.

A plant or refinery may include equipment such as reactors, heaters, heat exchangers, regenerators, separators, or the like. Types of heat exchangers include shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, plate fin, air cooled, wetted-surface air cooled, or the like. Operating methods may impact deterioration in equipment condition, prolong equipment life, extend production operating time, or provide other benefits. Mechanical or digital sensors may be used for monitoring equipment, and sensor data may be programmatically analyzed to identify developing problems. For example, sensors may be used in conjunction with one or more system components to detect and correct maldistribution, cross-leakage, strain, pre-leakage, thermal stresses, fouling, vibration, problems in liquid lifting, conditions that can affect air-cooled exchangers, conditions that can affect a wetted-surface air-cooled heat exchanger, or the like. An operating condition or mode may be adjusted to prolong equipment life or avoid equipment failure.

A water gas shift (WGS) reactor system includes a housing; a reaction tube disposed in the housing, wherein a reaction channel is defined within the reaction tube and a cooling fluid channel is defined between the housing and the reaction tube; a catalyst disposed in the reaction channel, the catalyst configured to catalyze a hydrogen generation reaction; and a heat transfer material disposed in the reaction channel.

A method for minimizing the amount of catalyst inactivating agent that is present in a liquid fraction recovered from a slurry-based polymer production process, the liquid fraction comprising diluent used in the polymer production process, is disclosed. The method includes steps for controlling the pressure over the liquid fraction collected during diluent recovery so as to minimize the concentration of catalyst inactivating agent that is retained in the recovered liquid fraction. Embodiments of apparatus suitable for conducting the disclosed method are also provided.

A reactor system includes at least one reactant provided to perform a reaction. The system includes one or more sensors configured to detect sensor data regarding the reaction. The system includes processing circuitry configured to receive the sensor data from the one or more sensors, apply one or more machine learning models to the sensor data to generate a measurement regarding at least one of the reaction or an activity of at least one catalyst used to perform the reaction, and control at least one of a temperature of the reactor, a flow rate of the at least one reactant, or a concentration of the at least one reactant responsive to the measurement.

A multi-tubular chemical reactor includes an igniter for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones of the tubular reactor units.

A process for the preparation of ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in a facility having a high-pressure tubular reactor and a preheater, wherein a reaction fluid introduced into the reactor at a reactor inlet is heated in the preheater and the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater is lower than the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the tubular reactor and the ratio of the average velocity in the tubular reactor to the average velocity of the reaction fluid in the preheater is in the range from 1.5 to 5.

Various embodiments that pertain to oxygen enrichment are described. Oxygen enrichment is shown to allow for independent control of both reformer residence time and the oxygen-to-carbon ratio during reforming. This allows for much better control over the reformer and for significant gains in reformer through-put without negative impacts to reformer performance. Additionally, the use of oxygen enriched reforming is shown to result in enhanced reformer performance, reduced degradation from catalyst poisons (carbon formation and sulfur) and enhanced fuel cell stack performance due to greatly increased hydrogen concentration in the reformate.

A continuous flow reactor includes a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a shell pass inlet and a shell pass outlet which are communicated with an inner cavity of the shell, tube plates and communication devices are connected to upper and lower ends of the shell, a reaction tube bank is arranged in the shell and includes a plurality of reaction tubes, upper and lower ends of each reaction tube are fixedly connected to the tube plates in a penetrating manner, and all the reaction tubes are sequentially communicated in series through the communication devices.