A method and system for rapidly preparing lithium carbonate or concentrated brine using high-temperature steam. The method comprises the steps of: feeding brine into a reactor, heating the brine with high-temperature steam above 200° C. while simultaneously discharging steam produced in the reactor, cooling and condensing the discharged steam in a condenser and collecting the condensate, and stopping the high-temperature steam after the brine is concentrated to a predetermined concentration or after a sufficient amount of lithium carbonate is collected. The system comprises: a reactor provided with a brine inlet, a steam outlet connected to a condenser, a product outlet, and a plurality of steam pipes. The method concerns the direct heating of brine using high-temperature steam, which is effective and efficient, and also produces fresh water. The heating is uniform and rapid, and does not require jackets, heat exchange tubes, mixers and vacuum pumps, vastly simplifying the system.

Method and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

Reactor systems for use with ionic liquid catalyst. The reactor systems include one or more stages, which include a reactor and a heat exchanger, and a separation zone. The reactor and the heat exchanger may have a vertical orientation. Additionally, a separation vessel may also include a vertical orientation. The heat exchanger may allow for linear flow of process fluid to control residence time.

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

A co-precipitation reactor for manufacturing a positive electrode active material precursor for a secondary battery, the co-precipitation reactor including a reaction chamber having a plurality of suppliers configured to direct a reaction material and a pH adjusting material into the reaction chamber, a stirrer configured to be disposed in the reaction chamber, a drive motor configured to rotate the stirrer, a stirring shaft configured to receive power from the drive motor and rotate the stirrer, a first heater configured to heat an outside of the reaction chamber to heat the reaction material and the pH adjusting material, and a second heater configured to heat an inside of the reaction chamber to heat the reaction material and the pH adjusting material.

A heat exchanger system can be used for removal or introduction of heat from or into a chemical reactor in which a chemical reaction is proceeding. The system further provides an apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor and a process for performing a chemical reaction, in each case using a heat exchanger system with a thermally insulated inner tube.

A reactor includes a reaction unit, a first pipe, a second pipe, a composition analysis unit connected to the first pipe, a regulating unit connected to the second pipe so as to regulate a flow rate or the like of a second fluid, a control unit causing the regulating unit to regulate the flow rate or the like of the second fluid in accordance with a composition of a product analyzed by the composition analysis unit so that a temperature of a third fluid is controlled to lead the composition of the product to keep a predetermined reaction rate or yield, and a first temperature measurement unit connected to the first pipe so as to measure the temperature of the third fluid. The control unit acquires the information on the temperature of the third fluid from the first temperature measurement unit.

A heat exchanger system can be used for removal or introduction of heat from or into a chemical reactor in which a chemical reaction is proceeding. The system further provides an apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor and a process for performing a chemical reaction, in each case using a heat exchanger system with a thermally insulated inner tube.

The present invention provides an electrically heated apparatus (1), at least comprising: an electrically heated furnace (2) having a roof (2A) and walls defining a space (3); at least one tube (10) miming through the space (3), wherein the at least one tube (10) has an inlet (11) and an outlet (12) outside of the space (3); electrical radiative heating elements (20) located in the space (3), which heating elements (20) can heat the at least one tube (10); wherein the heating elements (20) suspend from the roof (2A) of the space (3); and wherein the roof (2A) of the space (3) has a shape configured to have heating elements (20) suspending at different heights.