Disclosed is a fuel processor. The fuel processor includes: a steam reformer unit configured to be disposed at an upper portion in a casing; a heat exchanger unit configured to be disposed at a lower portion of the steam reformer unit; a high temperature shift reforming unit configured to be disposed at a lower portion of the heat exchanger unit; a low temperature shift reforming unit configured to be disposed while enclosing an outer portion of the high temperature shift reforming unit; and a heat exchange chamber configured to be disposed at a lower portion of the high temperature shift reforming unit and exchange heat between reformed gas and a heat exchange fluid supplied through a channel part formed to drain the reformed gas and combustion gas and supply the heat exchange fluid.

The present invention relates to novel microporous zirconium silicate compositions that are formulated to remove toxins, e.g. potassium ions, from the gastrointestinal tract at an elevated rate without causing undesirable side effects. The preferred formulations are designed avoid increase in pH of urine in patients and/or avoid potential entry of particles into the bloodstream of the patient. Also disclosed is a method for preparing high purity crystals of UZSi-9 exhibiting an enhanced level of potassium exchange capacity. These compositions are particularly useful in the therapeutic treatment of hyperkalemia.

The invention provides a reactor assembly (1) comprising a reactor (30), wherein the reactor (30) is configured for hosting a fluid (100) to be treated with light source radiation (11) selected from one or more of UV radiation, visible radiation, and IR radiation, wherein the reactor (30) comprises a reactor wall (35) which is transmissive for the light source radiation (11), wherein: the reactor (30) is a tubular reactor (130), and wherein the reactor wall (35) defines the tubular reactor (130); the tubular reactor (130) is configured in a tubular arrangement (1130); the reactor assembly (1) further comprises a reactor support element (40), wherein the reactor support element (40) comprises a track (42), wherein the track (42) partly encloses the tubular reactor (130), wherein the reactor support element (40) comprises a thermally conductive element (2), and wherein the tubular reactor (130) is configured in thermal contact with the thermally conductive element (2).

Disclosed herein is a surface treating method using a Taylor reactor wherein a washing, neutralization, heavy metal removal, etc. can be efficiently carried out, while saving a surface treating time and a treatment liquid and enhancing a treatment efficiency by using a Taylor eddy current which in general is formed at a Taylor reactor. The surface treatment method using a Taylor reactor formed of a cylindrical reaction chamber and a cylindrical rotation body which is configured to rotate in the reaction chamber may include (1) a supply step wherein a surface treatment thing and a surface treatment liquid are supplied into the reaction chamber; and (2) a treatment step wherein the surface treatment thing is stayed in the reaction chamber while rotating the cylindrical rotation body, and the stay time of the surface treatment thing is in a range of 1 minute to 6 hours.

This disclosure relates to equipment utilized to manufacture chemical agents, particularly biopharmaceuticals. In some embodiments, reactor systems comprising a mobile carriage assembly; a disposable reaction container removably attached to the carriage assembly; and, a carriage holder into which the mobile carriage assembly may be removably inserted are provided.

Provided is a method for producing an organic compound, the method making it possible to ensure an adequate reaction time and obtain a targeted substance at a high yield even in an organic reaction that requires a relatively long time to complete the reaction. A method for producing an organic compound, wherein the method is characterized in that: a fluid processing apparatus F used in the production method is equipped with an upstream processing unit that processes a fluid to be processed between at least two processing surfaces 1 and 2 that relatively rotate, and a downstream processing unit disposed downstream of the upstream processing unit, the downstream processing unit being provided with a plurality of labyrinth seals that function to retain and stir the fluid to be processed that has been processed by the upstream processing unit; due to the fluid to be processed, which contains at least one type of organic compound, being passed through the upstream processing unit, the fluid to be processed is subjected to upstream processing; due to the fluid to be processed that has been subjected to upstream processing being passed through the downstream processing unit, the fluid to be processed that has been subjected to upstream processing is subjected to downstream processing; and the upstream processing and the downstream processing are performed continuously.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a terephthalic diester by reacting terephthalic acid with at least one alcohol, wherein terephthalic acid is suspended in the alcohol in a dispersing tank, the preliminary suspension is passed from the dispersing tank into a reactor and converted in the presence of an esterification catalyst, and water of reaction is distilled off together with the vapor as alcohol-water azeotrope, the vapor is at least partly condensed, the condensate is separated into an aqueous phase and an organic phase and the organic phase is conducted through a column in which the organic phase is run counter to at least a portion of the vapor, and the organic phase is collected in the lower region of the column and at least partly passed into the dispersing tank.

A apparatus comprising: a vessel component comprising a flow-through interior chamber having an interior sidewall and an exterior sidewall; at least two inlets for introducing chemical components into the flow-through interior chamber; at least one outlet for removing product from the flow-through interior chamber; and an off center rotation component which is operatively connected to the vessel component. During operation of the apparatus, the off center rotation component generates vortical movement of at least two chemical components through the flow-through interior chamber of the vessel, and converts at least a portion of the at least two chemical components to at least one reaction product or product mixture. A method of using the apparatus to produce reaction products or product mixtures. The apparatus and method are useful for producing specialty chemicals such as fragrance and flavor compounds, insect pheromones, petrochemicals, pharmaceutical compounds, agrichemical compounds, and the like.

A process comprises polymerizing an olefin monomer in a loop reactor in the presence of a catalyst and a diluent, and producing a slurry comprising solid particulate olefin polymer and diluent. The Biot number is maintained at or below about 3.0 within the loop reactor during the polymerizing process. The slurry in the loop reactor forms a slurry film having a film coefficient along an inner surface of the reactor wall, and the film coefficient is less than about 500 BTU.Math.hr.sup.−1.Math.ft.sup.−2.Math.° F..sup.−1.

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.