There are provided a graphene having an oxygen atom content in a predetermined range or less and a carbon/oxygen weight ratio in a specific range to show excellent electrical and thermal conductivity properties, and a barrier property, and a method and an apparatus for preparing the graphene having excellent electrical and thermal conductivity properties and a barrier property by using a subcritical-state fluid or a supercritical-state fluid. According to the method and the apparatus for preparing the graphene, impurities such as graphene oxide, and the like, may be effectively removed, such that uniformity of the graphene to be prepared may be increased, and therefore, the graphene which is highly applicable as materials throughout the industry may be mass-produced.

A system and a method for converting Natural Gas (NG) to high energy transportable liquid (such as gasoline) are disclosed. A semiconductor UV-source is used for initiate a photo lytic reaction between methane molecules and photons having energy equal or bigger than the energy of dissociation of the C—H bond in methane. The formed radicles are further react to produce higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, while hydrogen gas is separates from the reaction mixture in order to avoid reverse reactions.

The present invention is directed to improved methods and systems for increasing the efficiency of a dehydrogenation section of an alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon production facility, wherein an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon, such as ethylbenzene, is dehydrogenated to produce an alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon, such as styrene. The disclosed methods are more energy-efficient and cost effective than currently known methods for manufacturing styrene. The methods and systems advantageously utilize multiple reheat exchangers arranged in a series and/or parallel configuration that result in an energy consumption reduction and, consequently, a utility cost savings, as well as a reduction in styrene manufacturing plant investment costs.

Described is a method for producing alkenyl halosilanes by reacting alkenyl halide selected from the group comprising vinyl halide, vinylidene halide, and allyl halide with halosilane selected from the group comprising monohalosilane, dihalosilane, and trihalosilane in the gas phase in a reactor comprising a reaction tube (1) that has an inlet (2) at one end and an outlet (3) at the other end, said reactor further comprising an annular-gap nozzle (4) that is mounted on the inlet (2), extends into the reaction tube (1), and has a central supply duct (5) for one reactant (7) and a supply duct (6), which surrounds the central supply duct (5), for the other reactant (8). In order to carry out said method, alkenyl halide is injected into the reaction tube (1) through the central supply duct (5), halosilane is injected thereinto through the surrounding supply duct (6), and both substances flow through the reaction tube (1) in the direction of the outlet (3). The described method allows alkenyl halosilanes to be produced at a high yield and with great selectivity. The amount of soot formed is significantly lower than in conventional reactors. The invention also relates to a reactor for carrying out gas-phase reactions, said reactor being characterized by at least the following elements: A) a reaction tube (1) that has B) an inlet (2) at one end, C) an outlet (3) at the other end, and D) an annular-gap nozzle (4) which includes a central supply duct (5) for one reactant (7) and a supply duct (6), which surrounds the central supply duct (5), for another reactant (8), said nozzle being mounted on the inlet (2) and extending into the reaction tube (1).

Disclosed is a process for the integrated production of urea and melamine. A urea production zone produces a urea synthesis stream comprising urea, water and ammonium carbamate. This stream is subjected to processing, preferably involving stripping, so as to separate an aqueous urea stream from residual dissociated carbamate vapor comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. The urea is fed to a melamine synthesis zone and subjected to melamine forming conditions so as to form melamine and off-gas comprising carbon dioxide and ammonia. The dissociated carbamate vapor and the melamine off-gas are subjected to combined condensation so as to form a dilute melamine off-gas condensate.

An intermediate medium heat exchanging device for a supercritical water oxidation system includes a material main loop, an intermediate medium loop and a replenishment branch. A material pump, a preheater, a spray type desuperheater, a reactor and a regenerator are connected in sequence to form the material main loop; a buffer tank, a circulating pump, the regenerator, the preheater and a water cooler form the intermediate medium loop. A back pressure valve is located above the buffer tank. The replenishment branch includes a cooling water pump, an outlet of the cooling water pump is divided into two sub-branches, one sub-branch is connected with the spray type desuperheater, and another sub-branch is connected with the buffer tank. The intermediate medium heat exchanging device is reasonable in structural design, and is able to maximally reduce the investment cost and ensure the stable operation of the system.

Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products.

The present invention relates to an oligomerization process using a reaction device comprising a dispersion means. In particular, the process relates to the oligomerization of ethylene to give linear α-olefins, such as 1-butene, 1-hexene or 1-octene, or a mixture of linear alpha-olefins.

The invention relates to catalysts and their use in processes for dehydrocyclization of light paraffinic hydrocarbon feedstock to higher-value hydrocarbon, such as aromatic hydrocarbon, to dehydrocyclization catalysts useful in such processes, and to the methods of making such catalysts. One of more of the dehydrocyclization catalysts comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a constraint index of less than or equal to about 12, at least one Group 3 to Group 13 metal of the IUPAC Periodic Table and phosphorous.

Provided is a system and a method for preparing ultrafine silica by leaching silicate ore using hydrogen chloride gas, comprising an ore raw material feeding device, an ejector, a stirring tank and a liquid-solid separation device. A circulated material outlet of a stirred tank is connected with a liquid inlet of an ejector through a circulation pipe; a liquid outlet of the ejector is connected with a circulated material inlet of the stirred tank; a material outlet of a raw ore feeding apparatus is connected with the circulation pipe; and the circulated material outlet of the stirred tank is connected with a solid-liquid separation apparatus. Based on the system and method in the present disclosure, an industrially feasible solution for preparing silica by continuously leaching a silicate ore is provided. The dissolution efficiency of ores and the utilization of hydrochloric acid are greatly increased.