A process for reducing coke formation during hydrocarbon upgrading reactions using a double-wall reactor comprising the steps of feeding a heated feed water to a shell-side volume of the double-wall reactor to produce a heat transfer stream, the double-wall reactor comprising an exterior wall and an interior wall, a reaction section volume, a heating element configured to heat the heat transfer stream, wherein heat is transferred from the heat transfer stream to the reaction section volume, feeding the hot water return exiting the shell-side volume through a filter; mixing the filtered water stream with a heated hydrocarbon feedstock; feeding the mixed stream to the reaction section volume in a configuration counter-current to the heat transfer stream; reacting the reaction flow stream at a reaction temperature, wherein the heat transferred to the reaction section volume is operable to maintain the reaction temperature above the critical temperature of water.

Systems and apparatus for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion, such as alkylation, using vaporization to remove reaction heat from an ionic liquid reactor and to provide mixing therein, wherein hydrocarbon vapors are withdrawn from the ionic liquid reactor and the withdrawn hydrocarbon vapor is recovered by a hydrocarbon vapor recovery unit in fluid communication with the ionic liquid reactor for recycling condensed hydrocarbons to the ionic liquid reactor. Processes for ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation are also disclosed.

Equipment for automatic polymerization of polycondensation polymers and other polyurethane systems and method showing equipment (E) capable of mixing inputs in a controlled manner with regard to quantities, temperatures, stirring/mixing and reaction times, resulting in polymers for different purposes, including polycondensation polymers and polyurethanes, and also an operation method of said equipment (E) with regard to programming and execution of recipes.

A continuous solution polymerization process may include producing a product including a polymer through a polymerization process in a reactor; separating the product into a first solution including the polymer and a second solution including the polymer in the liquid-liquid separator; supplying the first solution to a devolatilizer and supplying the second solution to a solid-liquid separator (S/L separator); separating the second solution into a vapor including the polymer and a liquid-state polymer in the devolatilizer; separating the second solution and the vapor including the polymer into a solvent capable of being introduced into the reactor and a solid including the polymer in the solid-liquid separator (S/L separator); and introducing and recirculating the solvent capable of being introduced into the reactor into the reactor.

A methane generation system according to the present disclosure includes a water supply path that supplies water or water vapor, a carbon dioxide supply path that supplies carbon dioxide, a power supply path that supplies power, an SOLO co-electrolysis device to which the water supply path, the carbon dioxide supply path and the power supply path are connected, a methane reactor, a connection path that connects the SOEC co-electrolysis device and the methane reactor, and a first heat exchange section that performs heat exchange between the SOEC co electrolysis device and the methane reactor.

A chemical plant and process are provided. The plant comprises a first biomass feed, a biomass digester arranged to receive the first biomass feed and provide a biogas stream, a reformer section arranged to receive at least a portion of the biogas stream and provide a first synthesis gas stream, and a first waste water stream, and a synthesis section arranged to receive a synthesis gas stream from the reformer section and provide a raw product stream. At least a portion of the first waste water stream is arranged to be fed to the biomass digester. In such a matter, water and heat produced downstream in the plant/process is recycled upstream in the plant/process.

A continuous polymerization equipment includes an evaporator, a reactive distillation column, a flash drum and a polymerizer which are sequentially communicated by pipelines. The number of trays in the tray section of the reactive distillation column is in a range of 15 to 30, the distance between two adjacent trays is in a range of 400 mm to 600 mm, and the height of an overflow weir of the trays is in a range of 50 mm to 300 mm. The continuous polymerization equipment further includes a preheating heat exchanger and a prepolymerization heat exchanger. The prepolymerization heat exchanger and the reboiler are circularly communicated by the pipelines, so that material enters the preheating heat exchanger, the prepolymerization heat exchanger and the reboiler in turn through the tray, and enables continuous circulation between the prepolymerization heat exchanger and the reboiler.

A process for producing urea includes reacting ammonia and carbon dioxide in a synthesis zone at elevated temperatures and pressure to form urea synthesis solution, successive distillation of urea synthesis solution at high, medium and at low-pressure step, condensation-absorption of distillation gases to form ammonium carbamate aqueous solutions (CAS), successive recirculation of CAS, and evaporation of urea aqueous solution. At the high-pressure step, urea synthesis solution is distilled in two zones: in the first zone urea synthesis solution is subjected to pressure reduction of at least 0.01-0.4 MPa lower than the synthesis pressure, and to adiabatic separation, the second zone includes distillation through stripping with a carbon dioxide stream. The result is an increase in the specific capacity of the urea synthesis reactor, and a reduction of the gas and heat load on the stripper-distiller.

The present invention relates to a gas/liquid oligomerization reactor with successive zones of variable diameter. The invention also relates to a process for the oligomerization of ethylene using a gas/liquid oligomerization reactor with successive zones of variable diameter.