Described herein are systems and methods of dynamically using predictive analytics in control of a hydrocarbon refining process. In one aspect, the method comprises analyzing a hydrocarbon sample, wherein the hydrocarbon sample is representative of an amount of hydrocarbon entering a refining process; developing one or more predictive models of the hydrocarbon refining process for the hydrocarbon entering the refining process based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon sample; and dynamically controlling aspects of the hydrocarbon refining process as the hydrocarbon entering the refining process moves through the refining process based on the one or more predictive models.

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream.

A chemical production assembly for producing an isocyanate. comprising n serially arranged units U (i), i=1 . . . n, n2. wherein a unit U(i) is for preparing a chemical product cp(i) at a preparation rate PR(i) by using, as starting material. a chemical product cp(i+1) preprared in the unit U(i+1) arranged upstream of said unit U(i), wherein said unit U(i) comprises an inlet means for receiving said chemical product cp(i+1) at an input rate IR(i). said unit U(i) being characterized by a nominal preparation rate PRN(i) and a nominal input rate IRN(i); and a unit U(i+1), i=1 . . . n-1, is for preparing the chemical product cp(i+1) and for supplying said chemical product cp(i+1) to the inlet means of the unit U(i) arranged downstream of said unit U(i+1) at a supply rate SR(i+1) with SR(i+1)=IR(i).

Systems and methods generally involve processing a gaseous reducing agent and a gaseous reforming agent to produce syngas in the presence of a stable-phase change metal-oxide based oxygen carrier. During operation, an oxygen content is measured for a reactor input stream and a reactor output stream. A percent oxygen depletion of the metal oxide is determined using an initial oxygen content of the metal oxide, the oxygen content of the input stream, and the oxygen content of the output stream. Based on the percent oxygen depletion, a mole ratio of reducing gas to oxidant in the input stream may be adjusted accordingly.

A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of the reactor feed stream, wherein the reactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the reactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in the reactor feed stream. A method of monitoring a solid component of a reactor feed stream in a polymer production system, comprising (a) measuring a turbidity of a precontactor feed stream, wherein the precontactor feed stream comprises a solid component of a polymerization catalyst system, and (b) translating the turbidity of the precontactor feed stream into a concentration of the solid component in a precontactor effluent stream, wherein the precontactor effluent stream comprises the reactor feed stream.

In one aspect, a process for controlling a temperature of fluid entering a post treat reactor in a naphtha hydrotreater includes measuring a temperature of hydrotreater reactor effluent and determining a set point based on the measured temperature. The set point is transmitted to a first temperature indicator controller, and the first temperature indicator controller measures a temperature of fluid flowing into a post treat reactor and adjusts a combined feed flow through a bypass of an upstream combined feed exchanger. This reduces an amount of heat exchanged in the combined feed exchanger and thus prevents the fluid temperature of the fluid entering the post treat reactor from falling below the set point.

Systems and methods conducive to the formation of one or more alkene hydrocarbons using a methane source and an oxidant in an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction are provided. One or more vessels each containing one or more catalyst beds containing one or more catalysts each having similar or differing chemical composition or physical form may be used. The one or more catalyst beds may be operated under a variety of conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially adiabatic conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially isothermal conditions.

Provided is a production device including: a first reactor to form a second gas containing an ester and nitric oxide from a first gas containing carbon monoxide, a nitrite, and nitric oxide; an absorption column to separate the second gas and an absorbing solution into a condensate containing the ester and a noncondensable gas; a second reactor to introduce an alcohol, the noncondensable gas, and oxygen gas thereinto to form a third gas containing nitric oxide and a nitrite; a third reactor to form a fourth gas containing a nitrite from the noncondensable gas and a bottom liquid from the second reactor and to feed the fourth gas to the second reactor; a first measurement unit to measure the concentration of a nitrite in the first gas; and a first flow rate-adjusting unit to adjust the amount of the noncondensable gas to the third reactor based on the concentration.

Provided is a production device including: a first reactor to form a second gas containing an ester and nitric oxide from a first gas containing carbon monoxide, a nitrite, and nitric oxide; an absorption column to separate the second gas and an absorbing solution into a condensate containing the ester and a noncondensable gas; a second reactor to introduce an alcohol, the noncondensable gas, and oxygen gas thereinto to form a third gas containing nitric oxide and a nitrite; a third reactor to form a fourth gas containing a nitrite from the noncondensable gas and a bottom liquid from the second reactor and to feed the fourth gas to the second reactor; a first measurement unit to measure the concentration of a nitrite in the first gas; and a first flow rate-adjusting unit to adjust the amount of the noncondensable gas to the third reactor based on the concentration.

A method of controlling an exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction is provided. The method involves measuring a temperature of a first reactant flowing at a first flow rate, contacting the first reactant with a second reactant flowing at a second flow rate to form a reaction product, measuring the temperature of the reaction product, and determining the temperature difference between the temperature of the first reactant and the temperature of the reaction product. The method can further involve adjusting the flow rate of at least one of the first reactant and the second reactant, or shutting down flow, based on the temperature difference. An apparatus to carry out the method is also provided. The method and apparatus can be useful in controlling many different reactions, including the reaction of sodium hypochlorite and ammonia to form monochloramine.