Methods and devices for controlling polymerization reactions using the controlled addition of oxygen to a reactor. The method may include providing a reactor comprising one or more chemical components suitable for facilitating a polymerization reaction and continuously measuring one or more polymer characteristics of polymers generated by the polymerization reaction in the reactor. The method may also include determining, using a control algorithm, based on the continuous measurements of one or more polymer characteristics, the amount of oxygen to add to the reactor at one or more time points during the polymerization reaction in order to cause the one or more polymer characteristics to follow a predetermined target trajectory.

A methane cracking apparatus includes a supply pipeline that supplies a gas, a reactor having an interior space, and in which a catalyst for decomposing the gas may be disposed in the interior space, an agitator provided in the interior space and that agitates a material in the interior space, a first discharge pipeline connected to the reactor and that discharges decomposition materials generated as the gas may be decomposed, and a second discharge pipeline connected to the reactor, that discharges the decomposition materials, and disposed on an upper side of the first discharge pipeline.

A continuous nanoparticle processing system includes a continuous flow path between an inlet and an outlet. The system has at least one sensor positioned to generate a signal indicative of a quality attribute of nanoparticles within the flow path, at least one actuator coupled to the flow path; and a controller operatively coupled to the sensor and the actuator and configured to, during operation, adjust the actuator in response to the signal to maintain the quality attribute of the nanoparticles within a target range while the nanoparticles traverse the flow path. A computer program product is disclosed.

A foam sensor device is used for monitoring foam within a vessel. The sensor (e.g. accelerometer) is encapsulated inside a water-tight, sterilizable, shell, which floats on a liquid contained. In one example, the foam sensor device includes an accelerometer for detecting and measuring rotation and movement of the foam sensor device and generates movement data based on the detected movement. During a learning or calibration process, sensor data (e.g., movement data) from the foam sensor device is analyzed and classified using machine learning and/or signal processing methods to extract features indicative of different possible foam statuses, including varying levels of foam, or no foam and generate models for the different statuses. During normal operation, the foam sensor device transmits sensor data to an analyzer containing the pre-calibrated models, which determines whether there is foam or not. Based on the foam status, a pump controller adds anti-foam solution.