This invention relates to the preparation of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (“glyphosate”) from N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (“PMIDA”), and more particularly to methods for control of the conversion of PMIDA, for the identification of reaction end points relating to PMIDA conversion and the preparation of glyphosate products having controlled PMIDA content.

Described herein is a continuous process for producing polyurethane prepolymers in a residence time reactor with plug flow. Also described herein is a method of using these prepolymers for producing polyurethanes.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a hydrogen production apparatus includes a hydrogen production mechanism configured to produce a hydrogen gas from a raw material by using a catalyst; and an operation control circuit configured to input a parameter value as an index indicating a state of the catalyst, and configured to control an operation maximum load of the hydrogen production mechanism to be variable in correspondence with the parameter value.

A method of producing a soft sensor for a reference morphology of multiphase latex polymer particles synthesized in a production process is provided. The method is used in monitoring and/or controlling the production process. The method may also be used for optimizing production capacities of the production process.

Methods and systems for solution polymerization. The method can include forming a first mixture stream consisting essentially of at least one catalyst and a process solvent, and forming a second mixture stream consisting essentially of at least one activator and the process solvent. The first mixture stream and the second mixture stream can be fed separately to at least one reaction zone comprising one or more monomers dissolved in the process solvent where the at least one monomers can be polymerized within the at least one reaction zone in the presence of the catalyst, activator and process solvent to produce a polymer product.

Methods of controlling olefin polymerization reactor systems may include a) selecting n input variables, each input variable corresponding to a process condition for an olefin polymerization process; b) identifying m response variables corresponding to a measurable polymer property; c) adjusting one of more of the n input variables using the olefin polymerization reactor system and measuring each of the m response variables as a function of the input variables for olefin polymers; d) analyzing the change in each of the response variables as a function of the input variables to determine coefficients; e) calculating a Response Surface Model (RSM) for each response variable determined in step d); f) applying n selected input variables to the calculated RSM to predict one or more of m target response variables; and g) using the n selected input variables to operate the olefin polymerization reactor system and provide a polyolefin product.

A process and system for maintaining optimum polymerization production in a loop polymerization reactor by continuously and periodically obtaining polymerization results, such as melt index (MI), production rate and ash content of the polymer produced, determining whether each of the results is within desired ranges, storing and averaging recently obtained results in a database within a reaction rate controller program, and when one of the results is out of the desired range modifying at least one reaction parameter set-point such as monomer concentration, catalyst feed rate and reactor temperature to drive any out-of-range polymerization result(s) toward the desired range for that result.

This invention relates to the preparation of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (“glyphosate”) from N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (“PMIDA”), and more particularly to methods for control of the conversion of PMIDA, for the identification of reaction end points relating to PMIDA conversion and the preparation of glyphosate products having controlled PMIDA content.

Systems and methods generally involve processing a gaseous reducing agent and a gaseous reforming agent to produce syngas in the presence of a stable-phase change metal-oxide based oxygen carrier. During operation, an oxygen content is measured for a reactor input stream and a reactor output stream. A percent oxygen depletion of the metal oxide is determined using an initial oxygen content of the metal oxide, the oxygen content of the input stream, and the oxygen content of the output stream. Based on the percent oxygen depletion, a mole ratio of reducing gas to oxidant in the input stream may be adjusted accordingly.

A polyester with ultra-high flowability and good stability over time is provided. The polyester can be polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) or another aliphatic polyester, whose intrinsic viscosity (IV) is less than 0.6 dL/g and a carboxylic end group (CEG) content is 15 meq/kg or less, and characterized by having a melt volume rate (MVR) of greater than 400 cm.sup.3/10 min at 250° C. A resin composition of this polyester is provided, which can be meltblown into microfibers of a uniform diameter and a concentrated diameter distribution, forming a fabric with a uniform small pore size.