Disclosed herein are various examples of systems, methods and devices for an oxygen reduction system with a universally compatible, adaptive front end that can be coupled with various different gas sources, wherein the oxygen reduction system determines its operations separate and independent from any signal lines from any upstream components or systems. In one example, the oxygen reduction system determines its functions, operations, and operational states from parameters that it measures from the input gas stream and other internal measurements. In this manner, installation of an oxygen reduction system is simplified, time-efficient and universal, and embodiments of the present disclosure provide for oxygen reduction systems that can be installed in a variety of different environments, applications, and with new or existing natural gas productions sites.

Methods of controlling olefin polymerization reactor systems are provided herein. In some aspects, the methods include a) selecting n input variables, each input variable corresponding to a process condition for an olefin polymerization process; b) identifying m response variables, each response variable corresponding to a measurable polymer property; c) adjusting one of more of the n input variables in a plurality of polymerization reactions using the olefin polymerization reactor system, to provide a plurality of olefin polymers and measuring each of the m response variables as a function of the input variables for each olefin polymer; d) analyzing the change in each of the response variables as a function of the input variables to determine the coefficients; e) calculating a Response Surface Model (RSM) using general equations for each response variable determined in step d) to correlate any combination of the n input variables with one or more of m response variables; f) applying n selected input variables to the calculated Response Surface Model (RSM) to predict one or more of m target response variables, each target response variable corresponding to a measurable polymer property; and g) using the n selected input variables I.sup.s1 to I.sup.sn to operate the olefin polymerization reactor system and provide a polyolefin product.

Processes for controlling the rate and temperature of cooling fluid through a heat exchange zone in, for example, an alkylation reactor using an ionic liquid catalyst. A cooling fluid system may be used to provide the cooling fluid which includes a chiller and a reservoir. The cooling fluid may pass from the reservoir through the heat exchange zone. A bypass line may be used to pass a portion of the cooling fluid around the heat exchange zone. The amount of cooling fluid may be adjusted, with a valve, based upon the temperature of the cooled process fluid flowing out of the heat exchange zone. Some of the cooling fluid from the chiller may be circulated back to the chiller in a chiller loop.

In order to suppress discharge of an unreacted content in a chemical reaction apparatus for irradiating a content with microwaves, a chemical reaction apparatus includes: a horizontal flow-type reactor in which a liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space being provided thereabove; a microwave generator that generates microwaves; and a waveguide that transmits the microwaves generated by the microwave generator to the unfilled space in the reactor, wherein the inside of the reactor is partitioned into multiple chambers to by overflow-type partition plates and that allow the content to flow thereover and an underflow-type partition plate that allows the content to flow thereunder.

The present invention relates to a process for determining a set of one or more operating conditions of an olefin polymerization reactor for the synthesis of a polyolefin in slurry condition, comprising the steps of: a1) introducing a polyolefin into a volume of at least one diluent, said diluent being agitated by a powered agitator at a first temperature T1; b1) monitoring the power consumed by the agitator as a function of the concentration, for at least three concentrations C1, C2, and Cn, which are different from each other; c1) repeating steps a1) and b1) at two or more subsequent temperatures T2 and Tn, which are different from each other and from T1; d1) determining from the power consumed by the agitator as a function of concentration, said set of one or more stable operating conditions for the synthesis of the polyolefin in the olefin polymerization reactor.

A device and method are disclosed to mix two or more liquids to reduce their viscosity, specific gravity or density. The device can also take a heavy fuel oil and following treatment, produce a lighter fuel oil. The invention also comprises a method and procedure for mixing two or more liquids as well as producing a lighter fuel oil from a heavy fuel oil.

A chemical plant or a petrochemical plant or a refinery may include one or more pieces of equipment that process one or more input chemicals to create one or more products. For example, catalytic dehydrogenation can be used to convert paraffins to the corresponding olefin. A delta temperature controller may determine and control differential temperature across the reactor, and use a delta temperature to control a set point for a heater temperature controller. By doing so, the plant may ramp up a catalytic dehydrogenation unit faster and ensure it does not coke up the catalyst and/or foul a screens too quickly. Catalyst activity may be taken into account and allow the plant to have better control over production and run length of the unit.

The present invention relates to a process for determining a set of one or more operating conditions of an olefin polymerization reactor for the synthesis of a polyolefin in slurry condition, comprising the steps of: a1) introducing a polyolefin into a volume of at least one diluent, said diluent being agitated by a powered agitator at a first temperature T1; b1) monitoring the power consumed by the agitator as a function of the concentration, for at least three concentrations C1, C2, and Cn, which are different from each other; c1) repeating steps a1) and b1) at two or more subsequent temperatures T2 and Tn, which are different from each other and from T1; d1) determining from the power consumed by the agitator as a function of concentration, said set of one or more stable operating conditions for the synthesis of the polyolefin in the olefin polymerization reactor.

Systems and methods conducive to the formation of one or more alkene hydrocarbons using a methane source and an oxidant in an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction are provided. One or more vessels each containing one or more catalyst beds containing one or more catalysts each having similar or differing chemical composition or physical form may be used. The one or more catalyst beds may be operated under a variety of conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially adiabatic conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially isothermal conditions.

A reactor layout for a process of methanol production from low quality synthesis gas, in which relatively smaller adiabatic reactors can be operated more efficiently, some of the inherent disadvantages of adiabatic reactors for methanol production are avoided. This is done by controlling the outlet temperature in the pre-converter by rapid adjustment of the recycle gas, i.e. by manipulating the gas hourly space velocity in the pre-converter.