In an example of the method, a functionalized coating layer is applied in depressions of a patterned flow cell substrate. The depressions are separated by interstitial regions. A primer is grafted to the functionalized coating layer to form a grafted functionalized coating layer in the depressions. A hydrogel is applied on at least the grafted functionalized coating layer.

Apparatuses and a method for plate-based oligonucleotide synthesis are disclosed. In one example, an apparatus used in oligonucleotide synthesis includes a machined block to receive a commercially-available synthesis plate. A keeper is used to apply pressure to the commercially-available synthesis plate, and a sealing element is used to seal the commercially-available synthesis plate to the machined block. Other methods and apparatuses are disclosed.

A divisible device and a method for sand production and sand control experiment for natural gas hydrate exploitation. The experimental device includes a reactor system, a feeding system, a separation and measurement system, a water-bath jacket system, a support and safety system, and a software recording and analyzing system. In the reactor system, the reactor units can be combined in different ways depending on the experimental conditions and purposes. The reactor units include: left/right reactor units, secondary reactor units, central reactor units, and caps. The combination of a left/right reactor unit with a cap gives a hydrate formation reactor without sand control screens. Combining the left/right reactor unit, secondary left/right reactor units and central reactor units with other accessories allows the reactor system to carry out the simulation experiments with either zero, one, or two view zones, and with either one or two wells.

The invention relates to a device for synthesising oligonucleotides, comprising: a reagent container receptacle (1) for holding a reagent container support (17) comprising multiple reagent containers (18); an exchangeable microfluid chip (10) comprising a synthesis chamber, fluid connectors and microfluid valves; a control device (5); fluid connecting means (2); wherein the device can be loaded with the microfluid chip (10) and the reagent container support (17) when in a loading position; a chip receptacle (3). To allow cost-effective and prompt synthesis even of small amounts of oligonucleotides, the invention provides for an actuator device (6) to be provided, with which the reagent container receptacle (1), the microfluid chip (10) and the fluid connecting means (2) can be brought from the loading position to an operating position, in which operating position the reagent container receptacle (1), the chip receptacle (3) and the fluid connecting means (2) are positioned relative to each other such that reagents can be conveyed out of the reagent containers (18) towards the synthesis chamber (14) depending on the valve position of the microfluid valves.

The present disclosure provides flow cells and methods of fabricating flow cells. The method includes combining three portions: a first substrate, a second substrate, and microfluidic channels between the first substrate and the second substrate having walls of a photoresist dry film. Through-holes for inlet and outlet are formed in the first substrate or the second substrate. Patterned capture sites are stamped on the first substrate and the second substrate by a nanoimprint lithography process. In other embodiments, parts of the patterned capture sites are selectively attached to a surface chemistry pattern formed of silicon oxide islands each disposed on an outcrop of a soft bottom layer.

Nucleic acid memory strands encoding digital data using a sequence of homopolymer tracts of repeated nucleotides provides a cheaper and faster alternative to conventional digital DNA storage techniques. The use of homopolymer tracts allows for lower fidelity, high throughput sequencing techniques such as nanopore sequencing to read data encoded in the memory strands. Specialized synthesis techniques allow for synthesis of long memory strands capable of encoding large volumes of data despite the reduced data density afforded by homopolymer tracts as compared to conventional single nucleotide sequences.

Presented are methods and compositions for using immobilized transposase and a transposon end for generating an immobilized library of 5-tagged double-stranded target DNA on a surface. The methods are useful for generating 5- and 3-tagged DNA fragments for use in a variety of processes, including massively parallel DNA sequencing.

Disclosed herein include systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods for introducing one or more components into a fluid. A first fluid and a second fluid can be co-injected into a fluidic channel of a flow cell. In some embodiments, the first fluid and a second fluid are immiscible (e.g. an aqueous buffer and a non-aqueous liquid). In some embodiments, the second fluid is less dense than the first fluid.

Disclosed herein are apparatuses and methods for conducting multiple simultaneous micro-volume chemical and biochemical reactions in an array format. In one embodiment, the format comprises an array of microholes in a substrate. Besides serving as an ordered array of sample chambers allowing the performance of multiple parallel reactions, the arrays can be used for reagent storage and transfer, library display, reagent synthesis, assembly of multiple identical reactions, dilution and desalting. Use of the arrays facilitates optical analysis of reactions, and allows optical analysis to be conducted in real time. Included within the invention are kits comprising a microhole apparatus and a reaction component of the method(s) to be carried out in the apparatus.

System, including methods, apparatus, compositions, and kits, for the mixing of small volumes of fluid by coalescence of multiple emulsions.