The present disclosure describes microtips, MicroArrays, MicroArray Patches comprising MicroArrays, delivery devices, and methods of manufacturing and methods of using same. In some embodiments, a substance-loaded MicroArray is prepared by photochemically etching MicroArray outlines in a substrate sheet, the MicroArrays comprising a plurality of microtips, configuring reservoirs in each microtip such as by photochemical half etching, filling each reservoir with a substance to be delivered, and then bending each of the microtips out of planarity such that each microtip comprises a substance-loaded projection disposed an angle relative to the generally planar substrate sheet.

Silanation compositions containing a mixture of two or more silanation reagents, where at least one silanation reagent includes a functional group capable of supporting polymer synthesis and at least one silanation reagent includes no functional group capable of supporting polymer synthesis are useful in modulating the active site density and hydrolytic stability of a surface. These compositions are particularly useful in silanating a surface prior to preparation of a polymer array and provide for increased hybridization results.

The present invention provides a system for conservation and efficient use of energy through controlling and monitoring of devices. At least one processing controller connected to a sensor and a device, the processing controller configured to receive the ambient data from the sensor and operating parameters from the device; a user module configured to IO receive input parameters from a plurality of users; a central processing module, connected to the structure, the user module, and the admin module through wired and/or wireless connection, the central processing module configured to process the data received from the processing controller adapted in the zone of the structure and generate the optimum parameters for operating the device adapted in the zone to the structure.

An electron microscopy grid, includes: (i) a perforated substrate, (ii) a support film on the perforated substrate, the support film having a thickness of 60 or less, and (iii) linkers attached on top of the support film. The linkers has at least one affinity group for immobilizing an analyte; wherein the linkers form a non-random pattern on the support film.

An article such as a biosensor having a nonfouling surface thereon is described. The article comprises: (a) a substrate having a surface portion; (b) a linking layer on the surface portion; (c) a polymer layer comprising brush molecules formed on the linking layer; and (d) optionally but preferably, a first member of a specific binding pair (e.g., a protein, peptide, antibody, nucleic acid, etc.) coupled to the brush molecules. The polymer layer is preferably formed by the process of surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) of monomeric units thereon. Preferably, each of the monomeric units comprises a monomer (for example, a vinyl monomer) core group having at least one protein-resistant head group coupled thereto, to thereby form the brush molecule on the surface portion. Methods of using the articles are also described.

Compositions, devices, methods and systems are provided for differential functionalization of a surface of a structure to support biopolymer synthesis. Provided herein are processes which include use of lamps, lasers, and/or microcontact printing to add functional groups to surfaces for the efficient and uniform synthesis of oligonucleic acids.

Disclosed herein are formulations, substrates, and arrays. In certain embodiments, methods of attaching a biomolecule to an array using a photoactivated conjugation compound are disclosed. Methods of generating site-specific attachment of biomolecules to an array are also disclosed. Arrays generated by these methods and methods of using these arrays are also disclosed.

Compositions, devices, methods and systems are provided for differential functionalization of a surface of a structure to support biopolymer synthesis. Provided herein are processes which include use of lamps, lasers, and/or microcontact printing to add functional groups to surfaces for the efficient and uniform synthesis of oligonucleic acids.

An article such as a biosensor having a nonfouling surface thereon is described. The article comprises: (a) a substrate having a surface portion; (b) a linking layer on the surface portion; (c) a polymer layer comprising brush molecules formed on the linking layer; and (d) optionally but preferably, a first member of a specific binding pair (e.g., a protein, peptide, antibody, nucleic acid, etc.) coupled to the brush molecules. The polymer layer is preferably formed by the process of surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) of monomeric units thereon. Preferably, each of the monomeric units comprises a monomer (for example, a vinyl monomer) core group having at least one protein-resistant head group coupled thereto, to thereby form the brush molecule on the surface portion. Methods of using the articles are also described.

This disclosure provides methods and devices for the label-free detection of target molecules of interest. The principles of the disclosure are particularly applicable to the detection of biological molecules (e.g., DNA, RNA, and protein) using tandard SiO.sub.2-based microarray technology.