Compositions, devices, methods and systems are provided for differential functionalization of a surface of a structure to support biopolymer synthesis. Provided herein are processes which include use of lamps, lasers, and/or microcontact printing to add functional groups to surfaces for the efficient and uniform synthesis of oligonucleic acids.

Provided herein are systems and methods for storing digital information by assembling an identifier nucleic acid molecule from at least a first component nucleic acid molecule and a second component nucleic acid molecule. The system may include a first printhead configured to dispense a first droplet of a first solution comprising the first component nucleic acid molecule onto a coordinate on a substrate, and a second printhead configured to dispense a second droplet of a second solution comprising the second component nucleic acid molecule onto the coordinate on the substrate, such that the first and second component nucleic acid molecules are collocated on the substrate. The system may include a finisher that dispenses a reaction mix onto the coordinate on the substrate to physically link the first and second component nucleic acid molecules, provides a condition necessary to physically link the first and second component nucleic acid molecules, or both.

The present invention provides methods, compositions, and systems for distributing single polymerase molecules into array regions. In particular, the methods, compositions, and systems of the present invention result in a distribution of single polymerase molecules into array regions at a percentage that is larger than the percentage expected to be occupied under a Poisson distribution.

Contemplated microfluidic devices and methods are drawn to protein arrays in which distinct and detergent-containing antigen preparations are deposited onto an optical contrast layer in a non-specific and non-covalent manner. Detection of binding a is carried out using a dye that precipitates or agglomerates to so form a visually detectable signal at a dynamic range of at least three orders of magnitude.

A microsphere-based analytic chemistry system and method for making the same is disclosed in which microspheres or particles carrying bioactive agents may be combined randomly or in ordered fashion and dispersed on a substrate to form an array while maintaining the ability to identify the location of bioactive agents and particles within the array using an optically interrogatable, optical signature encoding scheme. A wide variety of modified substrates may be employed which provide either discrete or non-discrete sites for accommodating the microspheres in either random or patterned distributions. The substrates may be constructed from a variety of materials to form either two-dimensional or three-dimensional configurations. In a preferred embodiment, a modified fiber optic bundle or array is employed as a substrate to produce a high density array. The disclosed system and method have utility for detecting target analytes and screening large libraries of bioactive agents.

Various embodiments of the teachings relate to a system or method for sample preparation or analysis in biochemical or molecular biology procedures. The sample preparation can involve small volume processed in discrete portions or segments or slugs, herein referred to as discrete volumes. A molecular biology procedure can be nucleic acid analysis. Nucleic acid analysis can be an integrated DNA amplification/DNA sequencing procedure.

Compositions, systems, and methods for the display of analytes such as biomolecules are described. Display of analytes is achieved by coupling of the analytes to displaying molecules that are configured to associate with surfaces or interfaces. Arrays of analytes may be formed from the described systems for utilization in assays and other methods.

Described is a method of synthesizing nucleic acids on polyester substrates and the resulting compositions of matter. The method synthesizes nucleic acids from surface hydroxyl initiation points present on the substrate surface. These surface hydroxyls are present either naturally, or as a result of a chemical treatment to cleave ester bonds on the substrate surface. The preferred polyester substrate contains PET.

The present invention relates to a method for screening a sol composition for sol-gel biochips, which is used to immobilize a probe on a surface-untreated substrate, also relates to a sol composition screened by said method and a sol-gel biochip comprising said sol composition immobilized thereon. The sol composition screened by the disclosed method can be mixed with a probe, and the sol mixture can be integrated on 96-well plates, which are widely used in existing bioassays, without surface treatment. Also, the biochip can provide a sensitive and specific good analysis results because this immobilization methods of probe maintain the nature of probes without modification.

The invention provides a method for lysing a single cell embedded in a tissue from the inside of the cell, and collecting the intracellular lysate for use in analytical methods. This method preserves the state of molecules of the cell, and therefore allows for transformation of a single target cell in live tissue into a format that can be evaluated using analytical methods.