Provided are a chip matrix, a sequencing chip, and a manufacturing method thereof. The chip matrix includes: a wafer layer (111), the wafer layer (111) having cutting lines that are evenly distributed thereon; a first silicon oxide layer (112), the first silicon oxide layer (112) being made of silicon oxide and formed on an upper surface of the wafer layer (111); a transition metal oxide layer (113), the transition metal oxide layer (113) being made of transition metal oxide and formed on an upper surface of the first silicon oxide layer (112). The chip matrix has characteristics such as resistances against high temperature, high humidity and other harsh environments. Meanwhile, by changing pH, surfactant and other components of a solution containing sequences to be sequenced, a surface functional region of the chip matrix can specifically adsorb a sequence to be sequenced.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a structure includes: a substrate having a patterned surface of one or more binding sites; and a molecular shape made by a polynucleotide platform having a shape corresponding to a shape of a binding site of the one or more binding sites, the molecular shape being bound to one of the one or more binding sites.

High surface area coatings are applied to solid substrates to increase the surface area available for solid-phase synthesis of polymers. The high surface area coatings use three-dimensional space to provide more area for functional groups to bind polymers than an untreated solid substrate. The polymers may be oligonucleotides, polypeptides, or another type of polymer. The solid substrate is a rigid supportive layer made from a material such as glass, a silicon material, a metal material, and plastic. The coating may be thin films, hydrogels, microparticles. The coating may be made from a metal oxide, a high-κ dielectric, a low-κ dielectric, an etched metal, a carbon material, or an organic polymer. The functional groups may be hydroxyl groups, amine groups, thiolate groups, alkenes, n-alkenes, alkalines, N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-activated esters, polyaniline, aminosilane groups, silanized oxides, oligothiophenes, and diazonium compounds. Techniques for applying coatings to solid substrates and attaching functional groups are also disclosed.

An electron microscopy grid, includes: (i) a perforated substrate, (ii) a support film on the perforated substrate, the support film having a thickness of 60 Å or less, and (iii) linkers attached on top of the support film. The linkers has at least one affinity group for immobilizing an analyte; wherein the linkers form a non-random pattern on the support film.

The present invention relates to the field of biochips, and provides a surface linker for a semiconductor chip, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The chip surface linker reacts with a chip surface by means of using silanized molecules as a solute and toluene as a solvent so as to form bonding molecules connected to the chip surface, and is prepared by reacting with functionalized molecules to modify a hydroxyl group and an ester group. The chip surface linker obtained by the present invention may be stably bonded to the chip surface, is stable under acidic and alkaline conditions, has good electrical conductivity, electrical stability and resistance to organic solvents required for nucleic acid synthesis, and is extremely advantageous for subsequent nucleic acid.

There is disclosed an electrode array device having an adsorbed porous reaction layer for improved synthesis quality. The array comprises a plurality of electrodes on a substrate, wherein the electrodes are electronically connected to a computer control system. The array has an adsorbed porous reaction layer on the plurality of electrodes, wherein the adsorbed porous reaction layer comprises a chemical species having at least one hydroxyl group. In the preferred embodiment, the reaction layer is sucrose. A method for preparing an electrode array for improved synthesis quality is disclosed. The method comprises a cleaning method and a method of attachment of a reaction layer. The cleaning method comprises a plasma cleaning method and a chemical cleaning method. The reaction layer is attached after cleaning by exposing the microarray to a solution containing the chemical species having at least one hydroxyl group.

A method for patterning flow cell substrates using photo-initiated chemical reactions that includes fabricating a planar waveguide flow cell by forming a layer of light coupling gratings on a glass substrate layer; depositing a core layer on the layer of light coupling gratings; depositing a cladding layer on the core layer; and forming nanowells in the cladding layer; silanizing the cladding layer; coating the silanized cladding layer and nanowells with a first group of reactants; introducing a second group of reactants into the nanowells, wherein the second group of reactants includes a target reactant and a light-sensitive photoinitiator system; coupling a light source to the light coupling gratings and directing light internally within the planar waveguide flow cell for photo-initiating a chemical reaction between the first and second groups of reactants, wherein the photo-initiated chemical reaction covalently binds the target reactant to only the bottom portion of each nanowell.

A system may include a first conduit configured to form a first batch of discrete volumes of aqueous fluid separated by spacing liquid disposed between consecutive volumes of aqueous fluid, the spacing liquid being immiscible with the aqueous fluid volumes; a second conduit, fluidically coupled to the first conduit, the second conduit configured to statically hold the first batch of discrete volumes of aqueous fluid; and a third conduit configured to receive the first batch of discrete volumes of aqueous fluid from the second conduit. The third conduit can be configured to transfer the discrete volumes of aqueous fluid of the first batch for downstream processing.

Biomolecule arrays on a substrate are described which contain a plurality of biomolecules, such as coding nucleic acids and/or isolated polypeptides, at a plurality of discrete, isolated, locations. The arrays can be used, for example, in high throughput genomics and proteomics for specific uses including, but not limited molecular diagnostics for early detection, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, monitoring clinical response, and protein crystallography.

A composition for measuring binding to HLA proteins has a substrate having a surface and a first array of HLA protein spots indirectly attached to the surface of the substrate. Each HLA protein within each spot is entrapped within a matrix that retains the native three-dimensional structure of the HLA protein while the HLA protein is indirectly attached to the surface. Also disclosed is a formulation to link protein to a solid support that has one or more proteins, a matrix, and one or more non-volatile water-soluble protein solvents, solutes, or combination thereof in an aqueous solution. The matrix is a cross-linked Oligo-dT network, a cross-linked Oligo-U network, a protein network having at least one protein, or a combination thereof.