Provided herein are methods, chemical library and simulation system for performing in situ patterned chemistry. Methods, systems and assays comprising the use of the synthesized chemical libraries, which increase explored protein space in a knowledge-based manner, are also provided for characterizing antibody-target interactions including: identifying target proteins of antibodies, characterizing antibody-binding regions in target proteins, identifying linear and structural epitopes in target proteins, and determining the propensity of antibody binding to target proteins.

An apparatus for optically-verified de novo DNA synthesis includes a microfluidic system that has channels leading in and out of a synthesis chamber having a functionalized region on a floor thereof on which a single-strand of DNA to which a nucleotide is to be attached can be fixed. The chamber is in optical communication with both an illumination system, which excites an electron in a fluorophore that is attached to the DNA strand, a detection system, which detects a signature photon emitted as the excited electron decays into its ground state.

Provided herein are devices for the manufacturing of high-quality oligonucleic acids. Longer nucleic acids, e.g., genes, can be synthesized in parallel using microfluidic assemblies described herein. Devices described herein include silicon plates having a plurality of channels in fluid communication with a plurality of microchannels. The number of microchannels and dimensions of the microchannels provide for rapid exchange of chemical exposure during de novo synthesis of oligonucleic acids.

Provided herein are methods, chemical library and simulation system for performing in situ patterned chemistry. Methods, systems and assays comprising the use of the synthesized chemical libraries, which increase explored protein space in a knowledge-based manner, are also provided for characterizing antibody-target interactions including: identifying target proteins of antibodies, characterizing antibody-binding regions in target proteins, identifying linear and structural epitopes in target proteins, and determining the propensity of antibody binding to target proteins.

The present invention relates to a method for screening a sol composition for sol-gel biochips, which is used to immobilize a probe on a surface-untreated substrate, also relates to a sol composition screened by said method and a sol-gel biochip comprising said sol composition immobilized thereon. The sol composition screened by the disclosed method can be mixed with a probe, and the sol mixture can be integrated on 96-well plates, which are widely used in existing bioassays, without surface treatment. Also, the biochip can provide a sensitive and specific good analysis results because this immobilization methods of probe maintain the nature of probes without modification.

The present disclosure relates to a micro-fluidic probe card that deposits a fluidic chemical onto a substrate with a minimal amount of fluidic chemical waste, and an associated method of operation. In some embodiments, the micro-fluidic probe card has a probe card body with a first side and a second side. A sealant element, which contacts a substrate, is connected to the second side of the probe card body in a manner that forms a cavity within an interior of the sealant element. A fluid inlet, which provides a fluid from a processing tool to the cavity, is a first conduit extending between the first side and the second side of the probe card body. A fluid outlet, which removes the fluid from the cavity, is a second conduit extending between the first side and the second side of the probe card body.

De novo synthesized large libraries of nucleic acids are provided herein with low error rates. Further, devices for the manufacturing of high-quality building blocks, such as oligonucleotides, are described herein. Longer nucleic acids can be synthesized in parallel using microfluidic assemblies. Further, methods herein allow for the fast construction of large libraries of long, high-quality genes. Devices for the manufacturing of large libraries of long and high-quality nucleic acids are further described herein.

A kit and a method for enriching target nucleic acid sequences from a biological sample are disclosed. The method includes preparing, and contacting with the biological sample, a first RNA probe set and a second RNA probe set respectively targeting both of the two antiparallel strands of a duplex segment in each target nucleic acid sequence. Each RNA probe in the first RNA probe set and the second RNA probe set can be generated by chemical synthesis or by in vitro or in vivo transcription, and can be biotin-labelled to thereby allow capturing of the target nucleic acid sequences by magnetic beads labelled with streptavidin, or can be engineered to a microfluidic channel to facilitate the capturing. The method can be applied to capture double-stranded nucleic acid sequences or single-stranded nucleic acid sequences having duplex segments, and the nucleic acid sequences can include DNAs, RNAs, or DNA-RNA hybrid molecules.

De novo synthesized large libraries of nucleic acids are provided herein with low error rates. Further, devices for the manufacturing of high-quality building blocks, such as oligonucleotides, are described herein. Longer nucleic acids can be synthesized in parallel using microfluidic assemblies. Further, methods herein allow for the fast construction of large libraries of long, high-quality genes. Devices for the manufacturing of large libraries of long and high-quality nucleic acids are further described herein.

Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for culturing and characterizing individual cellular entities including cells organoids, or tissue. In one aspect, a device includes a first substrate structured to include an array of hydrophilic regions surrounded by a hydrophobic surface including nanostructures protruding from the hydrophobic surface, in which the array of hydrophilic regions are capable to adhere an individual cellular entity and the hydrophobic surface is configured to prevent the cellular entity from adherence; and a second substrate including a coating of antibodies corresponding to a type of cellular substance secreted by the cellular entity, in which the second substrate is operable to be placed upon the first substrate such that the coating of antibodies makes contact with the individual cellular entities adhered to the hydrophilic regions.