The disclosure provides a structure that is used in the treatment of a fluid. The packing structure comprises a body having an axis. The packing structure also has at least one curved flow path that rotates around, and extends along at least a portion of, the axis of the body.

Disclosed is a reactor for solution polymerization process using a metallocene catalyst for preparing polyolefin. The reactor includes: a reaction vessel for mixing a hydrocarbon-based solvent and an olefin monomer to produce polyolefin; a feed inlet installed at a lower portion of the reaction vessel to feed a feed including an unreacted monomer, a solvent, and a catalyst into the reaction vessel; a guide pipe having a cylinder shape being open at respective ends, installed along a central axis of the reaction vessel, and dividing an internal space of the reaction vessel into an up-flow region where a reaction mixture flows upward and a down-flow region where the reaction mixture flows downward; a swirling flow-inducing blade attached to the exterior surface of the guide pipe, causing the reaction mixture in the reaction vessel to rise along the exterior surface of the guide pipe while forming a swirling flow.

In at least one embodiment, a reactor includes a reactor body. A first internal heat exchanger and a second internal heat exchanger are within the reactor body. One or more slabs of one or more static inserts are disposed between the first internal heat exchanger and the second internal heat exchanger. A plurality of flow paths is defined between the plurality of flow channels of the first internal heat exchanger and the plurality of flow channels of the second internal heat exchanger. Each static insert is configured to rotate or translate a flow path so that on average, the existing boundary layers formed in the first heat exchanger are moved away from the channel walls by a distance of equal or greater than the thickness of the boundary layers at the exit of the first heat exchanger.

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

In accordance with one embodiment, a processing device includes a heated internal wall and a rotating rod positioned within an interior space formed by the heated internal wall. The rotating rod may be hollow and act as an internal heat exchanger. The processing device also includes a plurality of baffles spaced apart from one another along the rotating rod and extending away from the rotating rod towards the heated internal wall. The plurality of baffles or porous, packed basket that rotates with the rotating rod that also may be configured to provide cooling relative to the heated internal wall. The processing device also includes at least one wiper or roller coupled to an edge of at least one of the plurality of baffles or porous, packed basket, coupled to the rotating rod and that contacts the heated internal wall while rotating together with the rotating rod. In another embodiment, a processing device may be used to adsorb reactive gases into a liquid phase while heat is exchanged.

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

A downflow reactor, e.g. a downer reactor or system, includes an outer wall defining an interior reactor space. An elongated plug is within the outer wall having a first end and a second end, defining a longitudinal axis between the first and second ends. A distribution baffle positioned at a vertical position between the first end and the second end of the elongated plug configured and adapted to direct hot down flowing catalyst towards a feedstock spray.

Disclosed is a reactor for solution polymerization process using a metallocene catalyst for preparing polyolefin. The reactor includes: a reaction vessel for mixing a hydrocarbon-based solvent and an olefin monomer to produce polyolefin; a feed inlet installed at a lower portion of the reaction vessel to feed a feed including an unreacted monomer, a solvent, and a catalyst into the reaction vessel; a guide pipe having a cylinder shape being open at respective ends, installed along a central axis of the reaction vessel, and dividing an internal space of the reaction vessel into an up-flow region where a reaction mixture flows upward and a down-flow region where the reaction mixture flows downward; a swirling flow-inducing blade attached to the exterior surface of the guide pipe, causing the reaction mixture in the reaction vessel to rise along the exterior surface of the guide pipe while forming a swirling flow.

An apparatus and a method for continuous solvothermal synthesis of nanoparticles, are provided. The apparatus includes an inlet section, a reactor section, a flexible quenching unit, and an outlet section. The inlet section separately receives reactants including the solvent and a precursor solution that are allowed to flow into the reactor section. The reactor section includes multiple spiral turns such that each of the spiral turns includes a helical channel followed by a counter-helical channel for enabling mixing of the reactants to cause solvothermal reactions between them. The counter-helical channel changes the direction of flow of reactants upon flow of said reactants from the helical channel to the counter-helical channel. The flexible quenching section enclosing a portion of the reactor section quenches a slurry formed as a result of the solvothermal reactions, wherein the slurry includes the nanoparticles of targeted characteristics. The outlet section facilitates withdrawal of the slurry.

A continuous acoustic chemical microreactor system is disclosed. The system includes a continuous process vessel (CPV) and an acoustic agitator coupled to the CPV and configured to agitate the CPV along an oscillation axis. The CPV includes a reactant inlet configured to receive one or more reactants into the CPV, an elongated tube coupled at a first end to the reactant inlet and configured to receive the reactants from the reactant inlet, and a product outlet coupled to a second end of the elongated tube and configured to discharge a product of a chemical reaction among the reactants from the CPV. The acoustic agitator is configured to agitate the CPV along the oscillation axis such that the inner surface of the elongated tube accelerates the one or more reactants in alternating upward and downward directions along the oscillation axis.