A system and method for increase chemical reaction rates and/or lower reaction temperatures. The system relates to a chemical reactor including non-electrically conducting support and an electron source in communication with the support. The reactor further includes an electromagnetic source in communication with at least the electron source and the non-electrically conducting support.

A plasma gate device comprises a housing, a gas inlet, first and second dielectrics, and first, second, and third electrodes. The housing includes an internal reactor chamber. The gas inlet receives a source gas that flows to the reactor chamber. The first and second dielectrics are spaced apart from one another, with each dielectric including an upper surface and a lower surface. The two dielectrics are oriented such that the lower surface of the first dielectric faces the upper surface of the second dielectric. The first and second dielectrics form boundaries of the reactor chamber. The first electrode receives a first electric voltage. The second electrode receives a second electric voltage. The first and second electric voltages in combination generate an electric field in the reactor chamber through which the source gas flows creating a positive ion plasma and a cloud of electrons. The third electrode attracts the electrons.

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

A method of producing nanomaterials in a sol-gel process is described, including selecting at least one type of nanoparticle to be produced within a prepared solution, placing high voltage contactless electrodes in a pre-selected configuration that forms the selected at least one type of nanoparticle, the high voltage contactless electrodes includes at least one anode and one cathode, providing the prepared solution for application of an electric field via high voltage contactless electrodes without direct contact with the anode and the cathode, and providing a voltage to the high voltage contactless electrodes, and producing the at least one type of nanoparticle within the prepared solution. A method of controlling production of nanomaterials in a sol-gel process and a system for producing nanomaterials having high voltage contactless electrodes is disclosed.

A fine particle producing apparatus includes a reaction chamber extending vertically from the lower side to the upper side; a material supply device which is connected to a central part on one end side of the vertically lower side inside the reaction chamber and supplies a material particle into the reaction chamber of a vertically upper side from a material supply port; a first electrode arrangement region which protrudes in an inward radial direction to be disposed on an inner peripheral wall in the reaction chamber which is vertically above the material supply device, and includes a plurality of lower electrodes to which AC power is applied; a second electrode arrangement region which protrudes in an inward radial direction to be disposed on an inner peripheral wall in the reaction chamber which is vertically above the first electrode arrangement region, and includes a plurality of upper electrodes to which AC power is applied; a collector which is connected to the other end side in the reaction chamber of the vertically upper side so as to collect fine particles; a power source which is capable of changing a frequency of AC power applied to at least one of the lower electrode included in the first electrode arrangement region and the upper electrode included in the second electrode arrangement region; and a controller which sets the frequency of AC power applied to the lower electrode as a frequency equal to or higher than a frequency of AC power applied to the upper electrode, in which a fine particle is generated from the material particle by generating arc discharge by the lower electrode and the upper electrode, and generating plasma in the reaction chamber.

A method and apparatus for making carbon black. A plasma gas is flowed into a plasma forming region containing at least one, magnetically isolated, plasma torch containing at least one electrode, and forming a plasma. Collecting the plasma formed in a cooled header and flowing the plasma through at least one reaction region to heat the reaction region, and injecting carbon black forming feedstock into the reaction region, resulting in the formation of at least one grade of carbon black. An apparatus for making carbon black is also described including a plasma forming section containing at least one, magnetically isolated plasma torch containing at least one electrode, in fluid flow communication with at least one carbon black forming reactor section, the plasma section and reactor section separated by a plasma formed collection header.

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

An electrical discharge plasma reactor system for treating a liquid, a gas, and/or a suspension. The reactor system includes a reactor chamber configured to hold the liquid and a gas, a discharge electrode disposed within the gas of the reactor chamber, a non-discharge electrode disposed within the liquid, a gas diffuser disposed within the liquid and configured to induce the generation of a layer of foam on the surface of the liquid in a plasma-contact region, and a power supply connected to the discharge electrode and configured to induce the discharge electrode to generate plasma in the plasma-contact region.

A conductive honeycomb structure includes: a pillar honeycomb structure portion including an outer peripheral side wall and partition walls, each of the partition walls extending through the pillar honeycomb structure from a first end face to a second end face to define a plurality of cells forming a through channel of a first fluid; a pair of electrode portions disposed in contact with an outer surface of the outer peripheral side wall across a central axis of the honeycomb structure portion; and a pair of terminal connecting portions formed on the outer peripheral side wall, each of the terminal connecting portions being at least partially covered with each of the electrode portions. Each of the electrode portions includes band-shape first, second and third electrode layers each having a predetermined electrical resistance.