An organ for transplantation having a kidney, a ureter, and a urinary bladder and an organ structure in which a first ureter, a first urinary bladder, a second ureter and a second urinary bladder are sequentially connected to a kidney can produce urine and excrete the produced urine, and thus is useful for transplantation.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating macular degeneration, and more particularly to a pharmaceutical composition for treating macular degeneration, which comprises an inhibitor of mTOR gene expression. The pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention can effectively treat age-related macular degeneration, a representative retinal disease that causes blindness in adults.

The present invention provides a simple and rapid construction of an animal model of constipation and use thereof. The construction method comprises: irritating a rat via tail-clamping and then gavaging the rat with 3.5-7 mg/kg of loperamide the next day, wherein the tail-clamping irritation treatment is as follows: clamping a tail 2-4 times every day for 25-35 min each time continuously for 3-5 days. The present invention obtains a method for constructing a rat model of constipation caused by liver depression and spleen deficiency by combining the tail-clamping irritation treatment and loperamide gavage treatment. The method has a short modeling period, is simple to operate, has a low cost, and effectively overcomes stress reaction of a rat. Besides, the constructed rat model of constipation caused by liver depression and spleen deficiency has various mechanisms, being stable, reliable and high in repeatability.

Disclosed herein is a method of promoting sustained survival, sustained regeneration, in a lesioned mature neuron, sustained compensatory outgrowth in a neuron, or combinations thereof. The method comprises contacting the lesioned mature neuron with an effective amount of an inhibitor of PTEN and an effective amount of an inhibitor of SOCS3 to thereby promote survival and/or regeneration and/or compensatory outgrowth of the neuron. Therapeutic methods of treatment of a subject with a neuronal lesion by administration of a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of PTEN and a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of SOCS3, are also disclosed, as are pharmaceutical compositions and devices for use in the methods.

A marker for predicting pressure ulcer development, selected from the group consisting of interleukin (IL)-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, and heat-shock protein (HSP) 90.

The present invention relates to a method for producing an animal model of preterm birth and an animal model of preterm birth produced by the method. The animal model of the present invention can be effectively applied to investigate the causes and symptoms of preterm birth induced by cervical injury. The mortality rate of the animal model according to the present invention is low until preterm birth despite its induced preterm birth. In addition, the animal model of the present invention is produced in a higher yield than any other existing model. Furthermore, the preterm birth of the animal model according to the present invention is induced at a desired time point. Due to these advantages, the animal model of the present invention can be effectively applied to investigate the causes and mechanisms of preterm birth. The mortality rate of premature neonates born from the animal model of the present invention is considerably low and the premature neonates are immature. Therefore, the animal model of the present invention can be effectively applied to studies on complications of premature neonates.

The present invention refers to a composition comprising a compound capable of reducing the expression of the Yin Yang-1 (Yy1) gene in cardiac cells of a human or animal subject with respect to the expression observed in the absence of the compound in said cells, wherein the compound is a RNA interference (RNAi) of the Yy1 gene, and wherein said composition is for use in a method of treatment of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction following myocardial infarction (AMI) in the subject, and wherein said composition is administered between 12 hours and 7 days after the onset of myocardial infarction (AMI) in the subject.

Gene therapy for a retinal disease, injury, or condition in a subject involves administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition containing a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector encoding at least one heat shock protein, such as Hsp27. A recombinant adeno-associated viral vector can include a promoter sequence that induces production of a heat shock protein specifically in retinal ganglion cells. The loss of such cells causes retinal damage and loss of eyesight in patients afflicted with an ocular condition. The disclosed viral vector may be included in pharmaceutical compositions that may be administered intravitreally using an administration device. A single injection 10 may be therapeutically sufficient for treating various ocular conditions.

The present invention relates to methods of treating or preventing angiogenesis-related diseases by the administration of stem cells and/or progeny cells thereof.

Provided are: a transformation plasmid for transforming anaerobes and enabling highly efficient and stable secretory expression of a target protein; a gene delivery carrier formed from said anaerobes transformed by said plasmid; a pharmaceutical composition including said gene delivery carrier; and a method for diagnosing or treating an ischemic disease utilizing these. Also provided are: a novel secretory signal; a transformation plasmid including said secretory signal; a gene delivery carrier formed from anaerobes transformed by said plasmid; a pharmaceutical composition including said gene delivery carrier; and a method for diagnosing or treating an ischemic disease utilizing these.