A trough reactor, including an elongated trough shaped enclosure, a stock feed inlet, a reactant feed-in and distribution system, at least one separation plate extending downwardly underneath the elongated trough shaped enclosure and at least one separation column forming a continuous gravitational decanter with at least one outlet and a posterior outlet, as well as a method of catalyzing a reaction in a trough reactor, including horizontally inclining an elongated trough shaped enclosure, supplying a feed of substrate into the elongated trough shaped enclosure, supplying and distributing a feed-in of a reactant into the elongated trough shaped enclosure; disposing a separation plate essentially vertically in the elongated trough shaped enclosure, substantially obstructing a spontaneous gravitational flow along the elongated trough shaped enclosure by the separation plate, providing a separation column of an essentially hollow vertical structure, separating the substrate or reactant or a product by a means of continuous gravitational decantation process, draining from an outlet at a bottom portion of the separation column an excessive portion of the substrate or reactant or a product and draining a portion of the substrate or reactant or a product from a posterior outlet, are described.

Disclosed herein is a reaction process system comprising: a reactor system configured to support an endothermic process of a feedstock: wherein the reactor system comprises: a reaction chamber with an internal region arranged to support the endothermic reaction of the feedstock; a heating system that is at least partially within the internal region of the reaction chamber; the heating system comprises a plurality of heating reactors; each heating reactor comprises walls that separate an internal region of the heating reactor from the rest of the internal region of the reaction chamber; each heating reactor comprises an oxygen carrier material in the internal region of the heating reactor; each heating reactor is arranged to support a reduction reaction between the oxygen carrier material and a fuel in the internal region of the heating reactor; and each heating reactor is arranged to support an oxidation reaction between the oxygen carrier material and oxygen in the internal region of the heating reactor; one or more heat exchangers arranged to generate the steam by heating water with heat recovered in dependence on one or more fluid flows out of the reactor system; and when applicable, a steam supply conduit arranged to supply at least some of the generated steam to the reactor system.