A reactor as a heat treatment device includes heat transfer structures removably placed in first flow channels, a first information acquisition unit connected to the inlet side of the first flow channels to acquire information for specifying a temperature and a flow rate of the first fluid which are reference conditions after lapses of time, a second information acquisition unit connected to the outlet side of the first flow channels to acquire the information for specifying the temperature of the first fluid after each lapse of time, and a control unit that calculates a heat exchange amount after each lapse of time in accordance with the temperature and the flow rate specified according to the information acquired by the first information acquisition unit and the second information acquisition unit, so as to estimate a service life of the heat transfer structures in accordance with the heat exchange amount.

A reactor includes a reaction unit, a first pipe, a second pipe, a composition analysis unit connected to the first pipe, a regulating unit connected to the second pipe so as to regulate a flow rate or the like of a second fluid, a control unit causing the regulating unit to regulate the flow rate or the like of the second fluid in accordance with a composition of a product analyzed by the composition analysis unit so that a temperature of a third fluid is controlled to lead the composition of the product to keep a predetermined reaction rate or yield, and a first temperature measurement unit connected to the first pipe so as to measure the temperature of the third fluid. The control unit acquires the information on the temperature of the third fluid from the first temperature measurement unit.

A heat treatment device causing a first fluid and a second fluid to flow therethrough includes heat transfer bodies including first flow channels through which the first fluid flows and second flow channels through which the second fluid flows adjacent to the first flow channels without contact, and pipe-like members detachably placed in the first flow channels and each including a pipe wall having an outer wall surface conforming to a wall surface defining each first flow channel and an inner wall surface with which the first fluid comes into contact.

A reactor including a reactor vessel and, inside the reactor vessel there is a plate assembly which is mounted in suspended form. There is also a distributor which is attached to the plate assembly, and at least one supply line, via which the distributor is connected to a respective cooling fluid inlet of the reactor vessel. There is also a collector which is attached to the plate assembly, and at least one discharge line, via which the collector is connected to a respective cooling fluid outlet of the reactor vessel. Wherein flow paths for the cooling fluid are formed, and wherein the at least one supply line is curved.

A reactor having a reactor vessel and, inside the reactor vessel there is a plate assembly which is mounted upright, a distributor which is attached to the plate assembly, at least one supply line, via which the distributor is connected to a respective cooling fluid inlet of the reactor vessel, and a collector which is attached to the plate assembly, at least one discharge line, via which the collector is connected to a respective cooling fluid outlet of the reactor vessel. Wherein flow paths for the cooling fluid are formed, and wherein the at least one discharge line is curved in such a way that the discharge line runs around an axis of the reactor vessel by at least 180?.

A reactor has a heat exchanging body including therein a heat medium flow channel in which heat medium flows, and a reaction flow channel in which a reaction fluid flows, to exchange heat between the heat medium and the reaction fluid. A heat transfer promoter is provided in the heat medium flow channel and comes in close contact with the heat exchanging body to promote heat transfer between the heat medium and the heat exchanging body. The heat transfer promoter is an assembly of partial heat transfer promoters of a plurality of types. Replacing the partial heat transfer promoter with another type one, temperature distribution in the heat exchanging body is adjusted.

In a cooled axial/radial flow converter, in which process gas passes from an outer annulus via a catalyst bed to an inner center tube, the catalyst bed is divided into identical modules stacked on top of each other. The process gas reaches the catalyst through openings facing the outer annulus, passes axially down the catalyst bed of each module, leaves the module through collectors in the bottom thereof, and flows to the center tube. The catalyst bed is cooled by cooling panels, in which the process gas is pre-heated to the reaction temperature, while at the same time the heat of reaction is partly removed from the catalyst bed. The converter is especially suitable as ammonia converter.

A reactor device for the release of a gas from a starting material includes a reactor housing having a longitudinal axis and at least one single reactor arranged in the reactor housing, the single reactor including a base plate oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis, a starting material flow channel defining a starting material flow direction, a catalyst arranged in the starting material flow channel, a heating unit for heating the catalyst and/or the starting material and a gas collection chamber arranged above the starting material flow channel for collecting the gas released from the starting material.

A reactor includes first heat transfer bodies including reaction flow channels through which a reaction fluid flows, second heat transfer bodies stacked on the first heat transfer bodies and including heat medium flow channels through which a heat medium flows and product flow channels through which a product flows that is produced in the reaction flow channels by a heat exchange between the reaction fluid and the heat medium, and product communication parts including communication spaces through which the product flows from the reaction flow channels to the product flow channels.

A combined heat exchanging and fluid mixing apparatus including a first conduit (44) for guiding a cool fluid through the first conduit and a second conduit (55) for guiding a hot gas through the second conduit. A heat conductive element (2) is arranged between the first conduit (44) and the second conduit (55) for transferring heat from the hot gas to the cool fluid. The apparatus further includes a third conduit (45) for guiding an exhaust fluid. The third conduit (45) comprises an exhaust fluid inlet (46) for introducing an exhaust fluid into the apparatus for mixing of the exhaust fluid with the hot gas and for a chemical reaction of the so formed exhaust fluid/hot gas mixture in the second conduit (55).