A method of making an extruded granular absorbent is provided where the method includes providing an extruder and a starch-containing admixture, and pressurizing the starch containing admixture in the extruder under relatively high extrusion pressures to extrude the pressurized starch-containing admixture from the extruder, and producing a water absorbent and oil absorbent extrudate. The present invention further provides that the extruded granular absorbent may be combined with a non-extruded granular material with relatively high inert or cellulose content where there may be a greater proportion of extruded granular absorbent, and the extruded granular absorbent and non-extruded granular material agglutinate into a clump when wetted with water or urine.

A method of making an extruded granular absorbent is provided where the method includes providing an extruder and a starch-containing admixture, and pressurizing the starch containing admixture in the extruder under relatively high extrusion pressures to extrude the pressurized starch-containing admixture from the extruder, and producing a water absorbent and oil absorbent extrudate. The present invention further provides that the extruded granular absorbent may be combined with a non-extruded granular material with relatively high inert or cellulose content where there may be a greater proportion of extruded granular absorbent, and the extruded granular absorbent and non-extruded granular material agglutinate into a clump when wetted with water or urine.

The invention is a renewable adsorbent material, amine-functionalized chitin (AFC) that can remove the following munitions compounds from solution while providing a concentration-dependent color change: NTO, DNAN, and TNT. Adsorption of the munitions constituents can be adjusted by pH; neutral pH provides maximum adsorption. NTO can desorb from the AFC at pH levels of 2 and 12; DNAN and TNT remain attached to AFC once adsorbed.

A method for manufacturing a water absorption treatment material made of a plurality of grains includes a preparing step, a pulverizing step, a core portion forming step, and a coating portion forming step. The preparing step is a step of preparing a paper powder to which water-absorbent polymers adhere, the paper powder being derived from a sanitary product. The pulverizing step is a step of pulverizing remaining polymers using a pulverizer. The core portion forming step is a step of forming a core portion constituting each of the grains The coating portion forming step is a step of forming a coating portion so as to cover the core portion, the coating portion containing the paper powder, and the remaining polymers pulverized in the pulverizing step. In the pulverizing step, the remaining polymers left in a state of adhering to the paper powder are subjected to the pulverizer.

A method of water treatment includes flowing water that includes nitrogen and phosphorus compounds through a sorption media composition within at least one chamber of a water treatment system. The composition comprises iron filings comprising at least 5 volume (vol) % of the composition, sand particles comprising at leak 10 vol % of the composition, and clay particles comprising at least 2 vol % of the composition. The iron filings, sand particles, and clay particles are mixed together. During the flowing, the clay particles attract the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, which become absorbed onto a surface of the iron filings and the clay, resulting in a removal of the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds and the generation of reaction products. Nitrogen and phosphorus are then recovered from the reaction products.

A collection kit for the removal of unwanted material from a surface, said kit comprising: iv) ferromagnetic material to absorb and/or adsorb the unwanted material when spread across the unwanted material creating an area of operation; v) an apparatus having a magnetic source operable to attract the ferromagnetic material together with absorbed and/or adsorbed unwanted material when the magnetic source is touching or in the vicinity of the area of operation; and vi) means to dislodge the ferromagnetic material and absorbed and/or adsorbed unwanted material from the apparatus once the ferromagnetic material has been removed from the area of operation.

A method of water treatment includes flowing water that includes nitrogen and phosphorus compounds through a sorption media composition within at least one chamber of a water treatment system. The composition comprises iron filings comprising at most 5 volume (vol) % of the composition, sand particles comprising at least 80 vol % of the composition, and clay particles comprising at most 5 vol % of the composition. The iron filings, sand particles, and clay particles are mixed together. During the flowing, the clay particles attract the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, which become absorbed onto a surface of the iron filings and the clay, resulting in a removal of the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds and the generation of reaction products. Nitrogen and phosphorus are then recovered from the reaction products.

A composition for moisture regulation in the form of a gel is disclosed. The composition includes magnesium chloride, and a cellulose selected from hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and water, in which the ratio between the quantity of magnesium chloride and the cellulose is between 0.1 and 16 by weight. Preparation methods for such composition and methods for regulating the moisture of an environment are also disclosed.

A method of water treatment includes flowing water that includes nitrogen and phosphorus compounds through a sorption media composition within at least one chamber of a water treatment system. The composition comprises iron filings comprising at least 5 volume (vol) % of the composition, sand particles comprising at leak 10 vol % of the composition, and clay particles comprising at least 2 vol % of the composition. The iron filings, sand particles, and clay particles are mixed together. During the flowing, the clay particles attract the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, which become absorbed onto a surface of the iron filings and the clay, resulting in a removal of the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds and the generation of reaction products. Nitrogen and phosphorus are then recovered from the reaction products.

A method of water treatment includes flowing water that includes nitrogen and phosphorus compounds through a sorption media composition within at least one chamber of a water treatment system. The composition comprises iron filings comprising at most 5 volume (vol) % of the composition, sand particles comprising at least 80 vol % of the composition, and clay particles comprising at most 5 vol % of the composition. The iron filings, sand particles, and clay particles are mixed together. During the flowing, the clay particles attract the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, which become absorbed onto a surface of the iron filings and the clay, resulting in a removal of the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds and the generation of reaction products. Nitrogen and phosphorus are then recovered from the reaction products.