A system (1) for generating hydrogen gas comprises a reaction vessel (101) containing an aqueous solution (102) and a cathode (105) and an anode (107) each positioned at least partly in the reaction vessel (101). The system (1) comprises first and second ultrasonic transducers (215-220) which emit ultrasonic waves in the direction of the cathode (105) and the anode (107) respectively. Each ultrasonic transducer (215-220) is driven by a respective transducer driver (202) to optimise the operation of the system (1) for generating hydrogen gas by sonoelectrolysis.

A control console for a powered surgical tool. The console includes a transformer that supplies the drive signal to the surgical tool. A linear amplifier with active resistors selectively ties the ends of the transformer primary winding between ground and the open circuit state. Feedback voltages from the transformer windings regulate the resistances of the active resistors.

A resonance method for a vibration system for resonant vibration of an excitation unit having a vibrating mass includes detecting a deflection of the vibrating mass, differentiating the deflection to form a velocity of the vibrating mass; generating from the deflection and the velocity a mechanical phase position; forming from the mechanical phase position a corrected phase position by using a correction value; forming, based on the corrected phase position, an electrical angular frequency with a P-regulation; integrating the electrical angular frequency to determine an electrical phase position; forming from the electrical phase position a correction factor by using a trigonometric function; and applying the correction factor to an excitation setpoint value to generate a corrected excitation setpoint value. Also disclosed are a converter, an excitation unit having the converter, and a vibration system having the excitation unit and the vibrating mass.

The present invention relates to a device for the ultrasonic processing of materials, which has an ultrasonic processing system, which comprises: an ultrasound generator, a converter (12), a sonotrode (16), and a counter tool (18); wherein the sonotrode (16) and/or the counter tool (18) has a substantially cylindrical sealing surface having at least one elevation (45) and can be rotated such that, during the processing, the elevation (45) rotates about the axis of rotation and comes in contact with the material web (20) during a sealing time, wherein a control apparatus (24) is provided for the ultrasound generator, to which control apparatus a feedback variable from the ultrasound processing system is fed and which control apparatus determines a manipulated variable therefrom and feeds said manipulated variable to the ultrasound generator, wherein a process variable from the processing process is determined and is linked to the manipulated variable determined by the control apparatus (24) before the feeding to the ultrasound generator. In order to provide an improved device for the ultrasonic processing of materials having an ultrasonic processing system, a trigger apparatus (44) is provided, which determines the position of the elevation (45) and is designed to permit or prevent the linking of the process variable to the manipulated variable in accordance with the position determination.

The present invention relates to a device for the ultrasonic processing of materials, which has an ultrasonic processing system, which comprises: an ultrasound generator, a converter (12), a sonotrode (16), and a counter tool (18); wherein the sonotrode (16) and/or the counter tool (18) has a substantially cylindrical sealing surface having at least one elevation (45) and can be rotated such that, during the processing, the elevation (45) rotates about the axis of rotation and comes in contact with the material web (20) during a sealing time, wherein a control apparatus (24) is provided for the ultrasound generator, to which control apparatus a feedback variable from the ultrasound processing system is fed and which control apparatus determines a manipulated variable therefrom and feeds said manipulated variable to the ultrasound generator, wherein a process variable from the processing process is determined and is linked to the manipulated variable determined by the control apparatus (24) before the feeding to the ultrasound generator. In order to provide an improved device for the ultrasonic processing of materials having an ultrasonic processing system, a trigger apparatus (44) is provided, which determines the position of the elevation (45) and is designed to permit or prevent the linking of the process variable to the manipulated variable in accordance with the position determination.

A cartridge for an aerosol generating device includes a reservoir configured to store an aerosol generating material, a wick configured to receive the aerosol generating material from the reservoir, a vibrator configured to vibrate the wick to atomize the aerosol generating material, and a reinforcing member including an atomization space communicating with the wick, wherein the reinforcing member includes a first opening that communicates with the atomization space, and a pressing surface configured to press the wick while contacting a partial area of the wick.

A method for determining and mitigating over-excursion of an internal mass of an under-damped electromechanical transducer may include transforming an electrical playback signal to an estimated displacement signal, based on the estimated displacement signal, determining an estimated over-excursion of the internal mass responsive to the electrical playback signal, and limiting, based on the estimated over-excursion, an electrical driving signal derived from the electrical playback signal and for driving the electromechanical transducer in order to mitigate over-excursion of the internal mass.

An ultrasonic generator and a method for controlling an oscillator unit (13) of the ultrasonic generator (10) in a machine tool for generation of ultrasound to excite a tool (26). A control variable for controlling a frequency f of an electrical control signal HFS generated by the oscillator unit (13) is determined depending on an analysis of the size of an input and/or output current I or of an input and/or output power P of the ultrasonic generator (10).

Control consoles and methods for supplying a drive signal to a surgical tool are provided. The control console comprises a transformer with primary and secondary windings. The primary winding receives an input signal from a power source and induces the drive signal in the secondary winding to supply the drive signal to the surgical tool. A first current source comprising a leakage control winding is coupled to a path of the drive signal. The primary winding induces a first cancellation current in the leakage control winding to inject into the path of the drive signal to cancel leakage current. A sensor coupled to the path of the drive signal outputs a sensed signal to provide feedback related to leakage current. The sensor may connect to a second leakage current cancellation source and/or a fault detection stage. The power source may be variable and may also energize the second current source.

A drive control apparatus includes a storage storing first or second waveform data representing a drive signal, and a drive controller reading the first or the second waveform data, and output the drive signal to the actuator. The first waveform data applying vibration mQ times (Q is a natural number other than 0) and obtained by multiplying a sine wave (f1=(m/n)f0 (m and n are mutually different natural numbers other than 0)) by a damping ratio of a vibration system to an actuator, and the second waveform data applying a vibration (m/2)Q times (Q is a natural number other than 0) and obtained by multiplying a sine wave (a frequency f1=(m/n)f0 (m and n are mutually different positive odd numbers)) by the damping ratio to the actuator, where f0 represents a resonant frequency of the actuator.