A variable-frequency surface acoustic wave electronic cigarette includes an atomizer. An atomization cavity is disposed in the atomizer, and a variable-frequency surface acoustic wave atomization chip is disposed at a lower portion of the atomization cavity. An inverted trapezoidal interdigital transducer is disposed on the variable-frequency surface acoustic wave atomization chip. An e-liquid storage cavity is disposed in the atomization cavity. A porous ceramic sheet is disposed between the e-liquid storage cavity and the atomization chip. The new variable-frequency surface acoustic wave electronic cigarette can realize any adjustment of the working frequency within a set range, thereby realizing the autonomous regulation and control of a smoke particle size after atomization of the e-liquid.

A system for controlling damages in cleaning a semiconductor wafer comprising features of patterned structures, the system comprising: a wafer holder for temporary restraining a semiconductor wafer during a cleaning process; an inlet for delivering a cleaning liquid over a surface of the semiconductor wafer; a sonic generator configured to alternately operate at a first frequency and a first power level for a first predetermined period of time and at a second frequency and a second power level for a second predetermined period of time, to impart sonic energy to the cleaning liquid, the first predetermined period of time and the second predetermined period of time consecutively following one another; and a controller programmed to provide the cleaning parameters, wherein at least one of the cleaning parameters is determined such that a percentage of damaged features as a result of the imparting sonic energy is lower than a predetermined threshold.

The present invention discloses a method for effectively cleaning vias, trenches or recessed areas on a substrate using an ultra/mega sonic device, comprising: applying liquid into a space between a substrate and an ultra/mega sonic device; setting an ultra/mega sonic power supply at frequency f.sub.1 and power P.sub.1 to drive said ultra/mega sonic device; after the ratio of total bubbles volume to volume inside vias, trenches or recessed areas on the substrate increasing to a first set value, setting said ultra/mega sonic power supply at frequency f.sub.2 and power P.sub.2 to drive said ultra/mega sonic device; after the ratio of total bubbles volume to volume inside the vias, trenches or recessed areas reducing to a second set value, setting said ultra/mega sonic power supply at frequency f.sub.1 and power P.sub.1 again; repeating above steps till the substrate being cleaned.

A method for exciting sound-wave producing transducers (7) which have operating frequencies defining a transducer frequency range, in which a generator (9) produces an electrical excitation signal for the transducers (7), these electrical excitation signal being fed to the transducers (7), wherein the generator (9) carries out frequency sweeps in a frequency sweep range between a minimum frequency (f.sub.min) and a maximum frequency (f.sub.max) with an adjustable sweep rate, with a target frequency (f.sub.Ziel) being defined within said frequency sweep range, this method being characterized in that the minimum frequency (f.sub.min), the maximum frequency (f.sub.max) and the target frequency (f.sub.Ziel) are selected in such a way that a first frequency difference (Δf.sub.1) between the minimum frequency (fmin) and the target frequency (f.sub.Ziel) differs in terms of magnitude from a second frequency difference (Δf.sub.2) between the maximum frequency (f.sub.max) and the target frequency (f.sub.Ziel) within a number of frequency sweeps, and wherein the minimum frequency (f.sub.min) and/or the maximum frequency (f.sub.max) and/or the target frequency (f.sub.Ziel) is/are modified after at least one frequency sweep in such a way that an arithmetic mean of the first frequency differences (Δf.sub.1), formed over all frequency sweeps carried out, and an arithmetic mean of the second frequency differences (Δf.sub.2), formed over all frequency sweeps carried out, are substantially the same in terms of magnitude.

A vibration control device is provided which enables an awakening effect for a user to be increased while making it difficult to give discomfort to the user. A harmonic signal generating section of a vibration control device is configured to successively output a plurality of alternating signals for driving a vibration unit. By way of the plurality of alternating signals which is successively output and has a frequency ratio represented with a predetermined integer ratio, vibration generated with the plurality of alternating signals can more easily awaken a user while making it difficult to give discomfort to the user.

A characterization device for non-destructively characterizing a material includes emitter/receiver cells, each cell being able, in an emit mode, to emit ultrasound waves towards the material for characterizing, and, in a receive mode, to receive ultrasound waves that have been transmitted through the material. The non-destructive characterization device includes a ring made up of a plurality of adjacent angular sectors, each angular sector including ultrasound cells stacked in a radial direction of the ring.

The present disclosure provides an ultrasonic drive and driving method configured for driving an ultrasonic tool. The ultrasonic drive includes a switch module, a sensing element and a control element. The sensing element senses the voltage and current of the ultrasonic tool and generates a sensing signal accordingly. The control element receives the sensing signal and outputs a control signal. The switch module outputs an ultrasonic signal according to the control signal for controlling the vibration of the ultrasonic tool. When the ultrasonic drive operates a frequency sweep function, the control element determines an operating interval and an operating frequency of the ultrasonic signal. When the ultrasonic drive operates a frequency following function, the control element adjusts the operating frequency according to the sensing signal for keeping the impedance of the ultrasonic tool consistent.

The invention discloses microparticle multi-channel time-sharing separation device and method based on an arcuate interdigital transducer. An arcuate interdigitated electrode is connected to an output channel of a signal generator. The arcuate interdigitated electrode and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel are placed on a lithium niobate chip. The arcuate interdigitated electrode is mainly formed by an interdigitated electrode being asymmetrically bent from a straight line into an arcuate curve. Two electrode ends of the arcuate interdigitated electrodes are asymmetrically arranged with one end big and another end small. The PDMS microfluidic channel includes a main flow channel, two inlet ends, and multiple outlet ends. The main flow channel is an approximately arcuate flow channel arranged around an outer side of the arcuate interdigitated electrode. Particles are patterned in a coverage section of surface acoustic waves to complete separation of microparticles.

An ultrasonic generator for a transducer is provided. The ultrasonic generator includes a function generator and a controller. The function generator is in signal communication with the transducer. The controller is in signal communication with the function generator and cooperates with the function generator to facilitate generation of a drive signal from the function generator to the transducer. An amplifier module is in signal communication with the function generator to amplify the drive signal.

The invention discloses microparticle multi-channel time-sharing separation device and method based on an arcuate interdigital transducer. An arcuate interdigitated electrode is connected to an output channel of a signal generator. The arcuate interdigitated electrode and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel are placed on a lithium niobate chip. The arcuate interdigitated electrode is mainly formed by an interdigitated electrode being asymmetrically bent from a straight line into an arcuate curve. Two electrode ends of the arcuate interdigitated electrodes are asymmetrically arranged with one end big and another end small. The PDMS microfluidic channel includes a main flow channel, two inlet ends, and multiple outlet ends. The main flow channel is an approximately arcuate flow channel arranged around an outer side of the arcuate interdigitated electrode. Particles are patterned in a coverage section of surface acoustic waves to complete separation of microparticles.