A first organic resin layer is formed over a first substrate; a first insulating film is formed over the first organic resin layer; a first element layer is formed over the first insulating film; a second organic resin layer is formed over a second substrate; a second insulating film is formed over the second organic resin layer; a second element layer is formed over the second insulating film; the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded; a first separation step in which adhesion between the first organic resin layer and the first substrate is reduced; the first organic resin layer and a first flexible substrate are bonded with a first bonding layer; a second separation step in which adhesion between the second organic resin layer and the second substrate is reduced; and the second organic resin layer and a second flexible substrate are bonded with a second bonding layer.

A method and device for laser cladding by independently heating the cladding material and the surface of the workpiece consist in formation of the series of parallel annular laser beams, possibly different wavelengths, with an adjustable distribution of laser radiation power across the annular beams. The annular beams are transformed into a series of conical beams which are separately focused along a single optical axis, along which the cladding material is fed. The device can be supplemented with a cylindrical mirror for the multipass laser radiation through the stream of cladding material with the possibility of the laser radiation return to the laser resonator.

A direct diode laser processing apparatus includes a laser oscillator that emits a multiple-wavelength laser beam, a transmission fiber that transmits the multiple-wavelength laser beam emitted from the laser oscillator, and a laser processing machine that condenses the multiple-wavelength laser beam transmitted through the transmission fiber and processes a workpiece. According to chromatic aberrations of the multiple-wavelength laser beam and the wavelength dependence of emissivity of the workpiece, a light intensity distribution of the multiple-wavelength laser beam in a thickness direction of the workpiece is provided with a plurality of peaks.

A method and device for laser cladding by independently heating the cladding material and the surface of the workpiece consist in formation of the series of parallel annular laser beams, possibly different wavelengths, with an adjustable distribution of laser radiation power across the annular beams. The annular beams are transformed into a series of conical beams which are separately focused along a single optical axis, along which the cladding material is fed. The device can be supplemented with a cylindrical mirror for the multipass laser radiation through the stream of cladding material with the possibility of the laser radiation return to the laser resonator.

A beam coupling device includes a light source, optical units, and a coupling optical system. The light source includes light emitters arranged in a first direction and a second direction, to emit light beams having a light ray direction intersecting the first and second directions from each of the light emitters. The optical units are arranged to guide each light beam for each set of light emitters arranged in the first direction in the light source. The coupling optical system is arranged to couple the light beams guided by each optical unit. Each of the optical units is arranged to direct outward the light ray direction of the light beam emitted by a light emitter that is located outside in the first direction for the set of light emitters, to guide the light beam from the light emitter into the coupling optical system.

Disclosed herein is a laser processing apparatus including a condenser having a function of spherical aberration. Since the condenser has a function of spherical aberration, the focal point of a laser beam to be focused by the condenser and applied to a wafer can be continuously changed in position along the thickness of the wafer. Accordingly, a uniform shield tunnel composed of a fine hole and an amorphous region surrounding the fine hole can be formed so as to extend from, the front side of the wafer to the back side thereof, by one shot of the laser beam.

A first organic resin layer is formed over a first substrate; a first insulating film is formed over the first organic resin layer; a first element layer is formed over the first insulating film; a second organic resin layer is formed over a second substrate; a second insulating film is formed over the second organic resin layer; a second element layer is formed over the second insulating film; the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded; a first separation step in which adhesion between the first organic resin layer and the first substrate is reduced; the first organic resin layer and a first flexible substrate are bonded with a first bonding layer; a second separation step in which adhesion between the second organic resin layer and the second substrate is reduced; and the second organic resin layer and a second flexible substrate are bonded with a second bonding layer.

Described are a method and a control data generation device (54, 54′) for use therein for generating control data (PSD) for a device (1) for the additive manufacture of a manufacturing product (2) in a manufacturing process, in which build-up material (13) is built up and selectively solidified, wherein, for the solidification process, the build-up material (13) is irradiated with at least one energy beam (AL) on a build field (8), and an area of incidence (AF) of the energy beam (AL) on the build field (8) is moved in order to melt the build-up material (13). The control data (PSD) are generated such that the energy beam (AL) has an intensity distribution (GIV), at the area of incidence (AF) on the build field (8), in a section plane (x, y) running perpendicularly to the beam axis (SA) of the energy beam (AL), which intensity distribution has at least one local minimum (MIZ) in a middle region along at least one secant of the intensity distribution (GIV) in the section plane (x, y) and has an intensity profile curve (IPK), running along the edge (R) of the intensity distribution (GIV), which intensity profile curve has, at least at one point, a maximum value (MAX), and, at least at one point in a region opposite the maximum value (MAX) on the intensity profile curve (IPK), a minimum value (MIN).

Also described are a method and a control device (50) for controlling a device (1) for the additive manufacture of a manufacturing product (2) using this control data (PSD), and a device (1) for the additive manufacture of manufacturing products.

In a three-dimensional printing method example, a metallic build material is applied. A positive masking agent is selectively applied on at least a portion of the metallic build material. The positive masking agent includes a radiation absorption amplifier that is compatible with the metallic build material. The metallic build material is exposed to radiation from a spatially broad, high energy light source to melt the portion of the metallic build material in contact with the positive masking agent to form a layer. The radiation absorption amplifier i) has an absorbance for the radiation that is higher than an absorbance for the radiation of the metallic build material, or ii) modifies a surface topography of the at least the portion of the metallic build material to reduce specular reflection of the radiation off of the at least the portion of the metallic build material, or both i) and ii).

A multiple wavelength laser processing system is configured with a multiple wavelength laser source for generating a multiple wavelength coaxial laser processing beam. The laser processing system further includes a multiple wavelength optical system to deliver the coaxial laser processing beam to a laser-material interaction zone on the surface of a workpiece such that each of the first and a second laser wavelengths in the processing beam impinge at least a portion of the interaction zone as respective first and second concentric laser spots. The multiple wavelength optical system includes a multiple wavelength beam collimator, a configurable chromatic optic, and a laser processing focus lens, wherein the configurable chromatic optic provides an adjustment to the relative focus distance of the first and second laser wavelengths.