An alloy comprising about 0.5 weight percent to about 2 weight percent carbon, about 15 weight percent to about 30 weight percent chromium, about 4 weight percent to about 12 weight percent nickel, up to about 3 weight percent manganese, up to about 2.5 weight percent silicon, up to about 1 weight percent zirconium, up to about 3 weight percent molybdenum, up to about 3 weight percent tungsten, up to about 0.5 weight percent boron, up to about 0.5 weight percent impurities, and iron.

The present invention provides a flux-cored welding wire comprising a shell having a tubular cavity, which accommodates flux. The shell is made of 400 series stainless steels. The deposited metal formed after the welding using the flux-cored welding wire of the present invention has more uniform chemical compositions. Because the loss of chromium during the transition to the deposited metal is less than 0.1%, recourses is saved and welding cost is reduced. The filling ratio of the flux-cored welding wire of the present invention is 5%-25% (preferably 10%-20%). As a result, not only the stability of the compositions in the flux is increased, but also the disadvantages to the manufacture process caused by high filling ratio are avoided. The flux-cored welding wire of the present invention will not be rusty even after it is exposed to the air for a long time.

The present invention relates to a flux-cored wire which can be used for straight-polarity gas-shielded arc welding, wherein a flux contains one or several types of metal compound powders and, when one or several metal elements constituting the metal compound powders are formed into stable compounds under a high-temperature environment, the relationship between the weighted geometric mean value (Φ) of the work functions of the stable compounds and the wire diameter (D) of the flux-cored wire satisfies the following formula: {1.00≤Φ≤−0.0908D.sup.2+0.5473D+1.547}.

A flux-cored wire for arc welding, including a steel sheath filled with flux, where the wire contains, relative to a total mass of the wire, Cr: 16.0 to 22.0 mass %, Ni: 6.0 to 11.0 mass %, Mn: 0.7 to 2.6 mass %, Si: 0.1 to 1.1 mass %, Zr: 0.2 to 0.8 mass %, Fe: 45.0 to 65.0 mass %, TiO.sub.2: 5.0 to 9.0 mass %, SiO.sub.2: 0.1 to 2.0 mass %, ZrO.sub.2: 0.5 to 3.0 mass %, and Bi: less than 0.0020 mass %. Where by mass %, a Si content is denoted by [Si] and a Zr content is denoted by [Zr], a value of parameter A expressed by A=[Si]+2×[Zr] satisfies 1.4 to 2.5.

A welding material may be suitable for high-Cr ferritic heat-resistant steels, and may suppress δ-ferrite occurrence, i.e., a soft structure, thereby improving the toughness, and enabling the achievement of a welded metal that has good cracking resistance and strength at high temperatures. Such welding materials for high-Cr ferritic heat-resistant steels may contain C, Si, Mn, S, Co, V, Nb, W, N, and O, respectively within specific ranges and limits Ni and P respectively to specific ranges, while containing from 8.0% by mass to 9.5% by mass (inclusive) of Cr and from 0.02% by mass to 0.20% by mass (inclusive) of Mo and additionally limiting Cu to less than 0.05% by mass, with the balance being made up of Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to the production of bulk amorphous metal (BAM) alloys comprising chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, carbon, boron, and the balance of iron to replace tungsten carbide-based welded material. The BAM alloy embodied herein can be applied through PTA welding, HVOF, TWAS, flame spraying, plasma spraying, laser, their combinations, and other coating and welding processes. When used as welded material, the density of the embodiment of around 7 grams per CC, which is less dense than the tungsten carbide customarily used, resulting in even hard faces during welding spread uniformly across the weld, therefore creating a harder and more wear-resistant weld.

An iron-based welding and forging alloy with a complex chemistry produces a dense, homogenous weld deposit that is resistant to hardness loss at elevated temperatures with less reliance on cobalt content. Such an alloy may comprise, in approximate percentages by weight: cobalt: 5-25; chromium: 7-14; tungsten: 2.5-10; molybdenum: 2-9; nickel: 1-6; carbon: 0.01-5; manganese: 0.01-3; with iron and residual elements comprising the balance. The residual elements may include one or more of the following: silicon, vanadium, phosphorus, and sulfur. The amounts of the residual elements may be up to 1% by weight. The inventive alloys may be provided in any suitable form for welding purposes, including metal-core TIG (GTAW), coated electrode (SMAW) and metal-core-wire (MCAW). The inventive alloy combinations may be fabricated as welding filler, providing resistance to high temperature softening, facilitating use in applications that previously dictated a specific cobalt-based material.

Systems and methods for low-manganese welding alloys are disclosed. An example arc welding consumable may comprise: between 0.4 and 1.0 wt% manganese; strengthening agents selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, copper, carbon, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, silicon, and boron; and grain control agents selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, and boron. The grain control agents may comprise greater than 0.06 wt% and less than 0.6 wt% of the welding consumable. The resulting weld deposit may comprise a tensile strength greater than or equal to 70 ksi, a yield strength greater than or equal to 58 ksi, a ductility (as measured by percent elongation) of at least 22%, and a Charpy V-notch toughness greater than or equal to 20 ft-lbs at -20° F. The welding consumable may provide a manganese fume generation rate less than 0.01 grams per minute during the arc welding operation.

A steel sheet for the manufacture of a press hardened part is provided, having a composition of: 0.15%≤C≤0.22%, 3.5%≤Mn<4.2%, 0.001%≤Si≤1.5%, 0.020%≤Al≤0.9%, 0.001%≤Cr≤1%, 0.001%≤Mo≤0.3%, 0.001%≤Ti≤0.040%, 0.0003%≤B≤0.004%, 0.001%≤Nb≤0.060%, 0.001%≤N≤0.009%, 0.0005%≤S≤0.003%, 0.001%≤P≤0.020%. A microstructure has less than 50% ferrite, 1% to 20% retained austenite, cementite, such that the surface density of cementite particles larger than 60 nm is lower than 10{circumflex over ( )}7/mm.sup.2, and a complement of bainite and/or martensite, the retained austenite having an average Mn content of at least 1.1*Mn %. Press-hardened steel part obtained by hot forming the steel sheet, and manufacturing methods thereof.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of alloys configured to form a coating with two contrasting physical behaviors: 1) reduced hardness with the end result of an easily machinable coating and 2) high abrasion resistance. Generally low hardness will result in low abrasion resistance. However, embodiments of the alloys described herein are able to maintain a low hardness while exhibiting higher abrasion resistance.