An article includes a substrate and a structure of additive manufacturing material of predetermined thickness attached to the substrate, the structure of additive manufacturing material formed by providing a metal alloy powder, forming an initial layer having a preselected thickness and a preselected shape including at least one aperture, with the metal alloy powder, sequentially forming an additional layer with the metal alloy powder over the initial layer, each of additional layers having an additional preselected thickness and an additional preselected shape including an aperture corresponding to the aperture in the initial layer, and joining each of the additional layers to the initial layer or any previously joined additional layers, forming a structure having a predetermined thickness and shape, and an aperture having a predetermined profile. The article includes a passageway through the structure including the aperture and a corresponding metering hole.

One aspect of the disclosure provides an iron-based hardfacing layer which includes hard or wear resistant phases resulting at least in part from dissolution of silicon and/or boron carbide particles into a liquid iron-based metal during the fabrication process. In an embodiment, the hardfacing layer is formed by a fusion welding process in which carbide particles are added to the molten weld pool. In an example, the filler metal supplied to the welding process is a mild steel. In an embodiment, the hardness as measured at the surface of the hardfacing ranges from 40 to 65 HRC. In an example, the iron-based hardfacing layer also includes tungsten carbide particles.

The disclosure relates to a method for welding steel sheets made of steel materials coated with an aluminum silicon anti-corrosion layer, in particular CMnB and CMn steel materials that can be hardened using the quench hardening method, wherein a welding filler rod is used in the welding of the sheets and the welding filler rod has the composition: C=0.80-2.28% C base material, Cr=8-20, Ni<5, Si=0.2-1, Mn=0.2-1, Mo<2, with the rest being composed of iron and unavoidable smelting-related impurities and with all indications expressed in % by mass.

A flux-cored wire for arc welding of a duplex stainless steel includes a stainless-steel sheath filled with a flux and contains, with respect to the total mass of the wire, predetermined amounts of Cr, Ni, Mo, N, Mn, and Si, in which letting a Ti alloy content in terms of Ti be [Ti] and letting an Al alloy content in terms of Al be [Al], [Ti] and [Al] are predetermined values, and in which parameter A expressed as A=[Ti]+2[Al] satisfies a predetermined value, and the balance is composed of Fe, a slag-forming component, and incidental impurities.

The disclosed technology generally relates to consumable electrode wires and more particularly to consumable electrode wires having a core-shell structure, where the core comprises chromium. In one aspect, a welding wire comprises a sheath having a steel composition and a core surrounded by the sheath. The core comprises chromium (Cr) at a concentration between about 12 weight % and about 18 weight % on the basis of the total weight of the welding wire, manganese (Mn) at a concentration between about 12 weight % and about 18 weight % on the basis of the total weight of the welding wire, nickel (Ni) at a concentration between zero and about 5 weight % on the basis of the total weight of the welding wire, and carbon (C) at a concentration greater than zero weight %, wherein concentrations of Ni, C and Mn are such that [Ni]+30[C]+0.5[Mn] is less than about 12 weight %, wherein [Ni], [C], and [Mn] represent weight percentages of respective elements on the basis of the total weight of the welding wire. The disclosed technology also relates to welding methods and systems adapted for using the chromium-comprising electrode wires.

A hybrid electroslag cladding method includes the steps of: providing a workpiece (6) to be cladded; guiding a strip electrode (4) onto the surface of the workpiece (6); cladding the strip electrode (4) onto the surface of the workpiece (6) using electroslag cladding; guiding a metal cored hybrid electroslag cladding wire (7) into the weld puddle (9) of the strip electrode (4) for controlling the chemical composition of the cladding.

An injection-molded solder (IMS) tool assembly apparatus, the apparatus including an IMS tool for dispensing a molten material via a round extrusion part to coat an inside or an outside wall of a pipe (and a chiller for providing cooling water to flow through an inside of the pipe.)

A welding material for austenitic heat resistant steel is provided that has a chemical composition which consists of, by mass %, C: 0.06 to 0.14%, Si: 0.10 to 0.40%, Mn: 2.0 to 4.0%, P: 0.020% or less, Cu: 2.0 to 4.0%, Ni: 15.0 to 19.0%, Cr: 16.0 to 20.0%, Mo: 0.50 to 1.50%, Nb: 0.30 to 0.60%, N: 0.10 to 0.30%, Al: 0.030% or less, O: 0.020% or less, S: 0 to 0.0030%, Sn: 0 to 0.0030%, Bi: 0 to 0.0030%, Zn: 0 to 0.0030%, Sb: 0 to 0.0030%, As: 0 to 0.0030%, V: 0 to 0.50%, Ti: 0 to 0.50%, Ta: 0 to 0.50%, Co: 0 to 2.0%, B: 0 to 0.020%, Ca: 0 to 0.020%, Mg: 0 to 0.020%, REM: 0 to 0.06%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and which contains two or more types of element selected from S, Sn, Bi, Zn, Sb and As within a range that satisfies [0.0005S+Sn+Bi+Zn+Sb+As0.0030].

Rolling support and guiding element (2) for a rail vehicle, comprising at least one upper portion forming the rolling surface, said portion being made from steel (1) having a composition comprising, in addition to Fe: 0.15C0.3%, 1Mn2%, 0.2%Ni1%, 0.5Cr2%, the steel (1) having a mixed structure of tempered martensite and residual austenite and bainite after having undergone a tempering heat treatment at a controlled speed and for a controlled length of time.

Systems and methods for low-manganese welding alloys are disclosed. An example arc welding consumable may comprise: less than 0.4 wt % manganese; strengthening agents selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, copper, carbon, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, silicon, and boron; and grain control agents selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, and boron. The grain control agents may comprise greater than 0.06 wt % and less than 0.6 wt % of the welding consumable. The resulting weld deposit may comprise a tensile strength greater than or equal to 70 ksi, a yield strength greater than or equal to 58 ksi, a ductility (as measured by percent elongation) of at least 22%, and a Charpy V-notch toughness greater than or equal to 20 ft-lbs at 20 F. The welding consumable may provide a manganese fume generation rate less than 0.01 grams per minute during the arc welding operation.