A battery adapter unit for an automatic clay thrower including a housing defining a battery receptacle area having a pair of input terminals to engage with battery contacts of a replacement battery and a first pair of protrusions defining a first recess therebetween; a slidable lever defining a catch to engage a corresponding projection on the replacement battery to slide with the replacement battery between a first position and second position when the catch is engaged with the projection, the projection corresponding to the rated voltage of the replacement battery; a pair of output terminals, one of the output terminals mounted in the first recess; and a circuit configured to be electrically connected to the replacement battery via the input terminals and to the output terminals, the circuit configured to adjust the voltage from the replacement battery and supplied to the output terminals.

A self-locking power supply circuit includes the battery, a grounding end, an outputting end, a mode switching end, a P-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor, an N-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor and a first resistor. The P-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor includes a first source electrode electrically connected to the outputting end, a first drain electrode electrically connected to the battery, and a first gate electrode. The N-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor includes a second source electrode electrically connected to the grounding end, a second drain electrode electrically connected to the first gate electrode, and a second gate electrode electrically connected to the mode switching end. One end of the first resistor is connected between the battery and the first drain electrode, and the other end of the first resistor is connected between the first gate electrode and the second drain electrode.

A power supply control device controls power supply from a DC power source to a load, by turning on or off a MOSFET. A current regulation circuit regulates a current flowing through a device resistor to a current proportional to a voltage between the drain and the source of the MOSFET. A drive circuit turns off the MOSFET when a voltage across a resistor circuit exceeds a predetermined voltage. The on-resistance of the MOSFET varies according to an ambient temperature of the MOSFET. The resistance of the resistor circuit varies in a direction different from a direction in which the on-resistance of the MOSFET varies, according to the ambient temperature of the MOSFET.

A True Wireless System (TWS) headphone is provided, which comprises a charging case and one or two earbuds. The earbuds may be attached into the charging case by a two pogo pin connector. The earbuds can detect the different status of the battery in the charging case via the two pogo pin connector and can auto power on or off accordingly when taken out or put into the charging case.

A power backup system includes a multi phased energy storage and a backup supply. The energy storage includes battery strings, each capable of supplying either an AC or DC voltage to a load. During normal operation, the backup supply is configured for being supplied with an AC voltage from a utility grid and being connectable to a DC voltage supplying battery string of the energy storage. During abnormal operation, the backup supply is configured for, in a first period of time, being supplied from a DC output voltage established by the a first battery string and after expiration of the first period of time being supplied from the AC output voltage established by a second battery string.

A power supply system is installed in a vehicle. The power supply system includes a first load circuit configured to operate using electric power from a main battery, the first load circuit being connected to a first load; a second load circuit configured to operate using electric power from the main battery or an additional battery, the second load circuit being connected to a second load; a first relay provided on a power supply line for electrically connecting the first load and the second load, the first relay that electrically connects or disconnects the first load circuit to or from the second load circuit; a second relay that electrically connects or disconnects the second load to or from the additional battery; and a controller that determines a state of a start switch for starting the vehicle. The first relay is in an on state when the start switch is off. The second relay is in an off state when the start switch is off. When determining that the start switch has been switched from off to on, the controller is configured to turn on the second relay and then turn off the first relay. A failure diagnosis for the first relay is performed with the first relay being off and the second relay being on.

According to one embodiment, an electrochemical device includes an electrochemical element, and a controller. The electrochemical element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first member provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. The controller is electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode. The controller is configured to supply a first signal between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first signal includes a waveform repeating in a first period. The waveform includes a first duration of a first voltage of a first polarity, and a second duration of a second voltage of the first polarity. An absolute value of the second voltage is smaller than an absolute value of the first voltage.

The present disclosure provides a mobile power supply and a method for supplying power to a peripheral device. The mobile power supply comprises a first peripheral connection port and a second peripheral connection port, a first group of connection-port processing circuits and a second group of connection-port processing circuits, a control circuit, and a power supply circuit. A control strategy determining circuit in each group of connection-port processing circuits determines a voltage adjustment strategy according to power supply status information of a corresponding peripheral connection port. The control circuit then causes a voltage adjusting circuit in the connection-port processing circuit to adjust, according to the voltage adjustment strategy, a voltage output by the power supply circuit, such that the adjusted voltage is used to supply power to a peripheral device coupled, by means of a power supply terminal, to the peripheral connection port.

This disclosure relates generally to an apparatus for organizing battery cells. The apparatus includes a block including: sleeves forming chambers, a first sheet configured to locate the sleeves, and a foam structure surrounding the sleeves. Each chamber is configured to accommodate a battery cell. The block is configured to: organize the battery cells into battery cell groups, separate each battery cell group from its adjacent battery cell groups using a thermally insulating material, and prevent gas from entering into each battery cell group from its adjacent battery cell groups. Each battery cell group includes a plurality of the battery cells, each of the battery cells in the battery cell group is adjacent to at least another of the battery cells in the battery cell group. Each battery cell group is adjacent to at least another battery cell group.

A first processing circuit of a power supply system can selectively perform: a first process of pre-charging a smoothing capacitor provided in a first load device by supplying electric power from a first power storage device to the first load device via a precharge resistor provided in the first processing circuit; a second process of discharging, via the precharge resistor, electric charges accumulated in the smoothing capacitor; and a third process of discharging, via the precharge resistor, electric charges accumulated in the first power storage device.