Disclosed is a semiconductor device and semiconductor fabrication method. A semiconductor device includes: a gate structure over a semiconductor substrate, having a low-k dielectric layer, a high-k dielectric layer, a p-type work function metal layer, an n-type work function metal layer, a silicon oxide scap layer, and a glue layer; and a continuous tungsten (W) cap over the gate structure that was formed by the gate structure being pretreated, W material being deposited and etched back, the scap layer being etched, additional W material being deposited, and unwanted W material being removed. A semiconductor fabrication method includes: receiving a gate structure; pretreating the gate structure; depositing W material on the gate structure; etching back the W material; etching the scap layer; depositing additional W material; and removing unwanted W material.

Integrated circuit interconnect structures including an interconnect line metallization feature subjected to one or more chalcogenation techniques to form a cap may reduce line resistance. A top portion of a bulk line material may be advantageously crystallized into a metal chalcogenide cap with exceptionally large crystal structure. Accordingly, chalcogenation of a top portion of a bulk material can lower scattering resistance of an interconnect line relative to alternatives where the bulk material is capped with an alternative material, such as an amorphous dielectric or a fine grained metallic or graphitic material.

The semiconductor stacked package including a semiconductor die. The semiconductor die includes a substrate, a transistor, and a through-silicon-via (TSV) structure. The transistor is over the substrate. The TSV structure penetrates the substrate and comprises a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, and a dielectric layer. The dielectric layer is between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. The method of manufacturing the same includes the following steps: forming a via hole in a substrate; forming a first conductive layer in the via hole; forming a dielectric layer in the via hole and over the first conductive layer; forming a second conductive layer in the via hole and over the dielectric layer; and forming a transistor over the substrate. The first conductive layer, the dielectric layer, and the second conductive layer collectively form a through-silicon-via (TSV) structure.

A semiconductor package includes a laminate package body and a die assembly embedded within the laminate package body. The laminate package body includes a plurality of laminate dielectric layers stacked on top of one another and metallization layers interposed between the laminate dielectric layers. The die assembly includes a thermally conductive substrate that includes a planar upper surface, a semiconductor die mounted on the planar upper surface of the thermally conductive substrate, and an electrically insulating thickness-matching layer formed on the planar upper surface of the thermally conductive substrate and surrounding the semiconductor die. An upper surface of the electrically insulating thickness-matching layer is substantially coplanar with an upper surface of the semiconductor die. The upper surface of the electrically insulating thickness-matching layer and the upper surface of the semiconductor die form an upper surface of the die assembly.

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising: forming a first layer in which first conductive patterns and first dielectric patterns are alternately arranged; forming passivation layers on the first conductive patterns, respectively; and forming second dielectric patterns on the first dielectric patterns, respectively, by an area-selective atomic layer deposition at a first temperature, wherein the first temperature is 350 C. or less, wherein the area-selective atomic layer deposition includes: pulsing a metal catalyst; performing a primary purge by a purge gas; sub-pulsing a reaction precursor at least once; and performing a secondary purge by the purge gas after each of the sub-pulsing.

Interconnect structures and corresponding techniques for forming the interconnect structures are disclosed herein. An exemplary interconnect structure includes a conductive feature that includes cobalt and a via disposed over the conductive feature. The via includes a first via barrier layer disposed over the conductive feature, a second via barrier layer disposed over the first via barrier layer, and a via bulk layer disposed over the second via barrier layer. The first via barrier layer includes titanium, and the second via barrier layer includes titanium and nitrogen. The via bulk layer can include tungsten and/or cobalt. A capping layer may be disposed over the conductive feature, where the via extends through the capping layer to contact the conductive feature. In some implementations, the capping layer includes cobalt and silicon.

A method of forming a semiconductor device includes providing a substrate having a patterned film including manganese; depositing a graphene layer over exposed surfaces of the patterned film; depositing a dielectric layer containing silicon and oxygen over the graphene layer; and heat-treating the substrate to form a manganese-containing diffusion barrier region between the graphene layer and the dielectric layer.

A semiconductor device includes a conductive structure, a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a liner layer. The conductive structure is located on a substrate. The first dielectric layer covers the conductive structure and the substrate. The second dielectric layer is located on the first dielectric layer. An air gap is present in the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, and is located above the conductive structure. The liner layer covers and surrounds a middle portion of the air gap.

Gate contact structures disposed over active portions of gates and methods of forming such gate contact structures are described. For example, a semiconductor structure includes a substrate having an active region and an isolation region. A gate structure has a portion disposed above the active region and a portion disposed above the isolation region of the substrate. Source and drain regions are disposed in the active region of the substrate, on either side of the portion of the gate structure disposed above the active region. A gate contact structure is disposed on the portion of the gate structure disposed above the active region of the substrate.

A semiconductor structure includes an interposer that includes: a substrate; a redistribution structure (RDS) on the substrate; a passivation film on the RDS, where the passivation film includes a first etch stop layer (ESL) on the RDS and a first dielectric layer on the first ESL; a via embedded in the passivation film, where the via is electrically coupled to a conductive feature of the RDS; a bonding film on the passivation film, where the bonding film includes a second ESL on the passivation film and a second dielectric layer on the second ESL; and a bonding pad and a first dummy bonding pad that are embedded in the bonding film, where the bonding pad is electrically coupled to the via, and the first dummy bonding pad is electrically isolated; and a die attached to the interposer, where a die connector of the die is bonded to the bonding pad.