An active power conversion apparatus (APCA) estimates a grid frequency estimation of an electric grid connected to the APCA. The APCA includes a controller for receiving measurements of at least one phase current between the APCA, and the electric grid. The controller converts the at least one phase current to at least one synchronous reference frame, and determines direct and quadrature current references to be used in the grid frequency estimation. The controller determines a use of frequency estimation as a manipulated variable that forces to zero at least one of the average values of current error signals.

A method for coordinated control of wind-storage joint primary frequency regulation, considering rotational speed and SOC, within the field of power system frequency regulation, includes: determining if the grid frequency deviation exceeds the primary frequency regulation dead zone; if exceeded, calculating the system's frequency regulation demand power based on the deviation; assessing the available frequency regulation power from wind turbines using their rotational speed; formulating a frequency regulation strategy based on the demand and available power; and executing the strategy. This approach effectively addresses the delay caused by wind speed variations, which hinders wind turbines from promptly adjusting output power to meet primary frequency regulation demands. The method enhances the stability of power system operation.

This invention relates to a device for controlling at least one of a plurality of electrical loads that are being supplied by at least one renewable energy generator and/or an electrical mains supply. The device comprises an energy sensor for measuring an energy parameter, wherein the energy parameter equates to a value representative of the amount of energy output by the energy sensor, the energy parameter of the energy sensor being directly proportional to the output of the at least one renewable energy generator; a controller means for determining the amount of electrical loads that can be connected or disconnected on the basis of the measured energy parameter; a switching device for connecting and disconnecting the at least one electrical load based on an output of the controller means; and wherein as the energy parameter varies the output of the controller means varies to connect and disconnect electrical loads.

An electrolysis system has at least two electrolysis installations, a power supply source with a direct voltage output, and a central supply line connected to the direct voltage output. A direct current, at a first direct voltage, can be fed into the central supply line. The electrolysis installations are connected electrically in parallel to the central supply line. For a direct voltage supply from the public power grid a central voltage source converter converts an input-side alternating voltage into the output-side first direct voltage at a direct voltage output. Each electrolysis installation is connected via a DC/DC converter that converts the first direct voltage into a second direct voltage, parallel to the direct voltage output so that the second direct voltage drops across the electrolysis installation. Each of the DC/DC converters can be controlled and/or regulated for adapting a level of its second direct voltage.

A method for forecasting power output of a target site. The method includes normalizing power output data for the target site, at least in part, on an installed capacity. The normalized power output data is transformed to yield transformed normalized power output data. A temporal module fits a temporal model to model input data for the target site. The model input data corresponds to normalized power output data or transformed normalized power output data. A copula model is fit for the target site, based, at least in part, on at least one residual value. Each residual value is determined based, at least in part on a selected fitted temporal model for each target site.

The techniques disclosed herein enable systems to optimize generation and dispatch of renewable energies using data-driven models. In many contexts, a renewable energy system is collocated with a local consumer such as a datacenter, a smart building, and so forth. The objective of the renewable energy system is to meet local power needs while participating in various energy markets of differing trading frequencies. To optimally manage the renewable energy system, a data-driven model is configured to analyze current conditions and generate policies to control renewable energy system operations. For instance, the model can retrieve current market prices, generation capacity, costs associated with generating energy, and so forth. Based on the collected information, the model can generate a policy that maximizes revenue obtained by the renewable energy system while meeting local demand. Through many iterations, the model can determine a realistically optimal policy for managing the renewable energy system.

The present disclosure relates to a standby power supply, including: a first sub power supply configured to provide alternating current electrical energy, where the first sub power supply is connected to an input terminal of an alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) converter; the AC/DC converter configured to convert the alternating current electrical energy into direct current electrical energy, where an output terminal of the AC/DC converter is connected to an output terminal of the standby power supply; and second sub power supplies configured to provide the direct current electrical energy, where the second sub power supplies are connected to the output terminal of the standby power supply. Through the present disclosure, a standby power supply solution having high reliability and capable of meeting power consuming requirements of a load with a great change in power demand such as a wind generator may be provided.

A three-phase adaptive reclosing method and system for wind farm transmission lines based on parallel reactor current is provided. When a phase to phase or three-phase fault occurs in the transmission line, the circuit breakers at both ends trip. The current transformer is used to sample the three-phase current signal of the parallel reactor, calculate the differential mode current of the parallel reactor, and perform zero crossing detection to construct a fault nature identification criterion. The fault nature is determined within the maximum discrimination time limit combined with the sliding time window. For permanent faults, the reclosing device is locked; for transient faults, calculate the time when the fault disappears and determine the reclosing time, and open the reclosing device. The method and system identifies the nature of faults by detecting whether the differential current of parallel reactors crosses the zero axis, with low sampling rate requirements, and small errors.

A new energy linkage charging system and a storage medium are provided. The system includes a charging interface configured to charge an electrical vehicle with an electrical energy through a converter and a third circuit in response to receiving a charging instruction; a power storage module configured to store the electrical energy and deliver the electrical energy to the charging interface; a power grid charging module and a power generating module configured to deliver the electrical energy to the charging interface and the power storage module; a control module configured to determine a power storage instruction based on power storage module information, and determine the charging instruction and send the charging instruction to the charging interface based on a charging request in response to obtaining the charging request; and an interaction module in communication connection with the control module and configured to obtain the charging request.

A method and controller are provided for operating an isolated or weakly connected electrical grid supplied by at least one fluctuating renewable energy source, such as wind or photovoltaic generation, in combination with a grid-forming controllable inverter coupled to a battery. The inverter operates as a master controller to regulate grid frequency and voltage, while the renewable sources operate as slaves. Battery charging and discharging are controlled according to deviations in grid frequency and charge level, with slopes defined for smooth power transitions. Additional selectively driven or non-driven alternators may be coupled in parallel with the inverter to stabilize frequency, provide inertia, reactive power, and short-circuit capacity, or support load changes. Control logic further manages integration of combustion engine-driven generators, resistive load banks, and external energy banks, while accounting for battery temperature and charge thresholds, thereby ensuring stable grid operation under fluctuating generation and demand conditions.