Computer implemented systems and methods for providing an uncertainty platform for an energy grid controller that (1) receives risk inputs including (a) one or more load forecasts, (b) one or more wind forecasts, (c) one or more solar forecasts, (d) one or more generator availability risk forecasts, (e) one or more generator fail-to-start or fail-to-run predictions, (f) one or more net scheduled interchange forecasts, and/or (g) one or more transmission congestion forecasts; (2) determines net uncertainty for a predetermined time period based on the risk inputs; and (3) provides dynamic risk outputs including forecast scenarios, reserve requirements and/or reserve margin thresholds based on the determination of net uncertainty.

An energy storage system converts variable renewable electricity (VRE) to continuous heat at over 1000 C. Intermittent electrical energy heats a solid medium. Heat from the solid medium is delivered continuously on demand. An array of bricks incorporating internal radiation cavities is directly heated by thermal radiation. The cavities facilitate rapid, uniform heating via reradiation. Heat delivery via flowing gas establishes a thermocline which maintains high outlet temperature throughout discharge. Gas flows through structured pathways within the array, delivering heat which may be used for processes including calcination, hydrogen electrolysis, steam generation, and thermal power generation and cogeneration. Groups of thermal storage arrays may be controlled and operated at high temperatures without thermal runaway via deep-discharge sequencing. Forecast-based control enables continuous, year-round heat supply using current and advance information of weather and VRE availability. High-voltage DC power conversion and distribution circuitry improves the efficiency of VRE power transfer into the system.

Modern thermal power plants based on classical thermodynamic power cycles suffer from an upper bound efficiency restriction imposed by the Carnot principle. This disclosure teaches how to break away from the classical thermodynamics paradigm in configuring a thermal power plant so that its efficiency will not be restricted by the Carnot principle. The power generation system described herein makes a path for the next generation of low-to-moderate temperature thermal power plants to run at significantly higher efficiencies powered by renewable energy. This disclosure also reveals novel high-performance power schemes with integrated fuel cell technology, driven by a variety of fuels such as hydrogen, ammonia, syngas, methane and natural gas, leading toward low-to-zero emission power generation for the future.

A method of controlling a wind farm including a plurality of wind turbines installed in an AC subgrid, which is connected via a high-voltage rectifier and a DC line to an energy conversion device, the method including: controlling a power infeed of each wind turbine to maintain a setpoint grid frequency of the subgrid; sensing a grid frequency in the subgrid; determining a reference quantity based on a difference of the sensed grid frequency and the setpoint grid frequency; and controlling the energy conversion device in accordance with the determined reference quantity.

Systems and methods are described for powering a load, such as a data center, with renewable energy from a renewable energy source. When the renewable energy is greater than a demand of the load, excess renewable energy is used to power a hydrogen production device or charge a battery depending on whether or not the charge level of the battery satisfies an upper threshold charge level, respectively. When the renewable energy is less than the demand of the load and the charge level of the battery satisfies a lower threshold charge level, the load is powered with energy from the battery. When the renewable energy is less than the demand of the load and the charge level of the battery does not satisfy the lower threshold charge level, the load is powered and the battery is charged with energy generated by the hydrogen-based energy generator.

Embodiments concern a plant for melting and/or heating metal material and a corresponding method to supply electrical energy. The plant comprises at least one induction furnace (11) and means (12) for supplying electrical energy to the induction furnace 11), wherein the electric power supply means (12) comprise at least one transformer (13) connected to an alternating current mains power network (14), at least one rectifier (15) located downstream of the transformer (13), at least one converter (16) located downstream of the rectifier device (15), and at least one coil (17) for melting and/or heating metal material.

Systems connected to an electrical grid for delivering electrical power thereto and methods of controlling such systems are provided. The electrical system includes a plurality of power generators. A system-level controller receives a demand signal from the electrical grid. The system-level controller generates first and second power production commands for respective first and second power generators. The first power production command is based on an excluded zone of operation for the first power generator. The first and second power production commands are transmitted to the plurality of power generators so as to control a power output of the first power generator according to the first power production command and to control a power output of the second power generator according to the second power production command. The power output of the first power generator is outside of the excluded zone of operation for the first power generator.

Disclosed is grid-forming control method for an offshore wind turbine, including the following steps: obtaining a grid voltage and current at a grid connection point of a wind turbine, actual values of active power and reactive power of the wind turbine, and references of the active power, the reactive power and an voltage amplitude; calculating a phase reference of a grid-side converter of the wind turbine; calculating a reference of a modulating voltage at the grid-side converter of the wind turbine in a dq rotating coordinate system; and calculating a reference of a modulating voltage at the grid-side converter in an abc static coordinate system according to the phase reference of the grid-side converter of the wind turbine and the reference of the modulating voltage in the dq rotating coordinate system. The present disclosure can control the voltage amplitude of the grid connection point by the active power of the wind turbine, and can control the voltage frequency at the grid connection point by the reactive power of the wind turbine. Furthermore, the wind turbine controlled by the present disclosure can be kept in reliable synchronous running under conditions of startup, power fluctuation, alternating current (AC) fault and the like.

A method for controlling voltage in a feeder of a distribution system having a plurality of DERs includes executing a feedback control using an integral controller. A voltage signal is generated using measured or estimated voltages at multiple locations along the feeder. An error is determined between the voltage signal and a defined voltage limit. The error is input to a controller including an integrator to generate a control action to counteract the error. The control action is distributed among at least some controllable DERs, from the plurality of DERs, that are capable of responding to the control action by generating actuation signals for absorbing reactive power from or injecting reactive power into the feeder, and/or for reducing active power or increasing active power in the feeder. The control action continues to increase until the voltage signal reaches the defined voltage limit, to thereby control voltage in the feeder.

A method for damping oscillations in a power grid is provided. A damping vector (9) targeted at a position of a damping entity (11) and referencing a common reference time frame (4) is generated, based on an identified oscillation in the power grid, the damping vector (9) specifying a frequency, a phase angle and an amplitude. The damping vector (9) is provided to the damping entity (11), and the damping entity (11) reconstructs an oscillation signal corresponding to the oscillation in the power grid, based on the damping vector (9) and applying the common reference time frame (4). The damping entity (11) supplies and/or consumes active and/or reactive power to/from the power grid in accordance with the reconstructed oscillation signal, thus causing damping of the oscillation in the power grid.