A charge and discharge system capable of being charged and discharged from and to an external device includes a charge and discharge circuit, a switching system and a controller. The charge and discharge circuit converts electric power from an inlet to direct-current power compatible with an electrical storage device and converts direct-current power of the electrical storage device to electric power that is discharged from an outlet. The switching system connects the charge and discharge circuit to the inlet or to the outlet. The controller determines that the switching system has a failure on condition that an alternating-current voltage has been detected at the inlet and an alternating-current voltage has been detected at the outlet, and disable charging and discharging.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to techniques for operating a three-level buck converter. An example method for operating the three-level buck converter may include: identifying a voltage value based on an input voltage of the three-level buck converter; determining an emulated current for an inductive element of the three-level buck converter based on an expression having a variable associated with a voltage across a flying capacitive element of the three-level buck converter, wherein determining the emulated current comprises assuming the variable to have the voltage value; comparing the emulated current to a threshold; and controlling at least one transistor of the three-level buck converter based on the comparison.

A vehicle electrical system includes: an electrical storage system, a first multiphase electrical machine having stator windings, and a first inverter connected to the electrical storage system and the first multiphase electrical machine, the first inverter has a plurality of switch legs with switches; a second multiphase electrical machine having stator windings, and a second inverter connected to the electrical storage system and the second multiphase electrical machine, the second inverter has a plurality of switch legs with switches; and a terminal having poles that receive single-phase AC or multi-phase AC or DC from a vehicle charging source, a first line connects a first pole of the terminal with a first switch leg of the first inverter, a second conductive line connects a second pole of the terminal with a first switch leg of the second inverter, and a first inductor in the first or second conductive lines.

There is provided a power conversion device including: a non-isolated DC-DC converter provided between a battery and a DC bus to which one or more batteries are connected and a bus voltage is applied; and current limiting means which limits at least one of an input current to the non-isolated DC-DC converter or an output current from the non-isolated DC-DC converter, in which the non-isolated DC-DC converter performs an operation to convert a battery voltage of the battery to the bus voltage for outputting to the DC bus when the battery is discharged, and performs an operation to convert the bus voltage to the battery voltage for outputting to the battery when the battery is charged, and the current limiting means is connected between the non-isolated DC-DC converter and the battery, or between the non-isolated DC-DC converter and the DC bus.

Apparatus and methods prepare an adhesive tape platform with a battery for disposal at an end of its useful life. The adhesive tape platform determines when it is at the end of its useful life and performs an action to drain remaining battery life of the battery. When remaining life in the battery is less than a threshold level, the adhesive tape platform transmits a ready for disposal notification to an Internet of Things (IOT) system of the adhesive tape platform. The adhesive tape platform may determine its life expectancy and operational phases of the adhesive tape platform and assign battery usage for each of the operational phases such that the battery is depleted at an end of a last one of the operational phases. The adhesive tape platform may activate battery draining circuitry to drain the remaining battery life of the battery.

Disclosed is a handheld fan, which includes a holding part, a fan head and a control device. The holding part is provided with an accommodating space inside, and is equipped with a discharge port and a charging port. The discharge port is configured for electrical connection to an external electronic device, while the charging port is for electrical connection to an external power source. The fan head is provided with a motor and fan blades connected to the motor, and the fan head is connected to the holding part. The control device is located in the accommodating space and includes a power module, a processor, a charging circuit, and a current output circuit. With the above structure, the handheld fan has controllable charging and discharging, external power supply capability, and adjustable wind speed.

A battery charging system includes a buck switching converter configured to operate in either a buck mode or a boost mode depending on a system reconfiguration, a linear charger having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein at least one terminal of the first terminal and the second terminal of the linear charger is used for the system reconfiguration, and a switched capacitor converter configured to operate in either a 2:1 charge pump mode or a 1:2 reverse charge pump mode depending on the system reconfiguration.

There are provided a battery management apparatus, a battery management method and a battery pack. The battery management apparatus sets at least one of a plurality of external variables as a valid external variable for each internal variable using a plurality of observational data sets associated with the external variables that can be observed outside a battery cell and a plurality of desired data sets associated with the internal variables that are unobservable outside the battery cell. The observational data set associated with respective valid external variable is used for the machine learning of sub-multilayer perceptron necessary to estimate respective internal variable.

A battery system with a large-format Li-ion battery powers attached equipment by discharging battery cells distributed among a plurality of battery packs. The discharging of the battery cells is controlled in an efficient manner while preserving the expected life of the Li-ion battery cells. Each battery pack internally supports a battery management system and may have identical components, thus supporting an architecture that easily scales to higher power/energy. Battery packs may be added or removed without intervention with a user, where one of battery packs serves as a master battery pack and the remaining battery packs serve as slave battery packs. When the master battery pack is removed, one of the slave battery packs becomes the master battery pack. Charging and discharging of the battery cells is coordinated by the master battery pack with the slave battery packs over a communication channel such as a controller area network (CAN) bus.

Various embodiments of the systems, methods, and devices are provided for controlled operation of an intravascular lithotripsy system for breaking up calcified lesions in an anatomical conduit. More specifically, control arrangements are disclosed concerning managing and/or providing electrical energy to generate an electrical arc between a set of spaced-apart electrodes disposed within a fluid-filled member configured to contain a conductive fluid.