A system for accounting for and allocating energy value amongst (i) energy equivalent quantity (EEQ) suppliers associated with supplier accounts and that contribute EEQ to a total energy supply and (ii) energy consumers associated with a consumer account and that issue energy demands for energy. An energy cloud value allocation system (e-cloud) facilitates and controls an exchange of EEQ and energy between the EEQ suppliers and the energy consumers. The e-cloud receives EEQ contributions from the EEQ suppliers and generates energy credits, where a value of each energy credit is based on the EEQ contribution. The e-cloud is also configured to receive energy demands from the energy consumers and to satisfy the energy demands by delivering energy and EEQ to the consumers. Finally, the e-cloud generates energy debits, where a value of each energy debit is based on the EEQ that is delivered to the energy consumer from the e-cloud in response to energy demands.

A photovoltaic string location update method and apparatus includes: obtaining, based on a physical map, a physical location of a first photovoltaic string corresponding to a first logical location in the physical map, the physical map indicating a correspondence between a logical location of a photovoltaic string and a physical location of the photovoltaic string, and the photovoltaic string includes the first photovoltaic string; and when the physical location of the first photovoltaic string in the physical map is different from a first actual physical location of the first photovoltaic string, updating the physical location of the photovoltaic string in the physical map to the first actual physical location, to obtain an updated physical map. The first actual physical location of the photovoltaic string is inconsistent with the physical location in the physical map, to prepare for subsequent operation and maintenance accurately performed on the photovoltaic string.

Provided is a switching circuit capable of suppressing a decrease in output power even if the power generated by a plurality of DC-power supply circuits changes, and a DC-power output apparatus, a wireless-power transfer system and a solar-power generation system having the switching circuit. A connection circuit section of the switching circuit, which is disposed between a plurality of plus-input sections and a plurality of minus-input sections, and a plus-output section and a minus-output section, has a plurality of switches capable of respectively controlling a turn on/off so as to switch connection states between the plurality of the DC-power supply circuits, and the plus-output section and the minus-output section.

A medium voltage inrush current (MVIC) regulator and interconnection control system for interposing between a distributed power generation facility and a utility grid. The facility has a designated generator step-up (GSU) transformer and is connected to the utility grid at a point of interconnect. The system includes a pre-insertion impedance injection transformer, a low voltage first switch connected between the pre-insertion transformer and secondary coils of the designated GSU transformer, a medium voltage second switch connected inline between the pre-insertion transformer and primary coils of the designated GSU transformer, and a controller. In response to restoration of the utility grid following a loss-of-grid event, the controller opens and closes the first and second switches according to an automated pre-energization switching sequence such that magnetic flux in the designated GSU transformer occurs at a reduced rate, thereby reducing inrush of current and undesirable power quality phenomena.

A method for optimising the consumption of an installation includes, carried out before a specified period, implementing a disaggregation method, so as to predict, for each appliance, an expected individual consumption profile, predicting an expected renewable production profile by the renewable energy source, defining first optimised individual consumption profiles for the appliances, making it possible to maximise a use of renewable electrical energy, and the second step of controlling the appliances during the specified period, by using the first optimised individual consumption profiles.

A charging pile coordination system, method, and medium, the system including: a user terminal provided with a first positioning unit, a plurality of charging piles, an environmental monitoring unit, and a processor. The processor is configured to: for each of the plurality of charging piles, obtain a power generation parameter; determine a predicted efficiency and a confidence level for the predicted efficiency based on the environmental feature and the power generation parameter; determine an amount of power available based on the predicted efficiency, the confidence level for the predicted efficiency, and an amount of power remaining; determine a preferred charging scheduling parameter based on the amount of power available, a charging pile position, and the charging demand; and generate a first scheduling instruction, a second scheduling instruction, and notification information and send them to the plurality of charging piles, the environmental monitoring unit, and the user terminal, respectively.

A method and system for probabilistic solar generation forecasting under rapidly changing weather conditions integrate copula theory with an extreme gradient tree boosting (XGBoost) classifier to enhance forecast accuracy. Historical weather data is partitioned into meteorological clusters, and bivariate copulas analyze spatiotemporal correlations to select optimal features. Multivariable Vine and Gaussian copulas model variable dependencies, with an XGBoost classifier dynamically selecting the optimal copula based on real-time weather conditions. Synthetic weather data, generated using the selected copula, captures uncertainties and is applied to a trained XGBoost regression tree to produce probabilistic forecasts. The method achieves up to 60% higher accuracy than conventional models under non-sunny conditions, leveraging Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation and Huber loss for robustness. The system supports real-time grid operations, offering reliable solar power predictions for diverse weather scenarios, validated with real-world data from multiple global locations.

A photovoltaic system, a relay detection method, and a power supply system. When a fault, for example, sticking of the relay is detected, the controller stops sending a PWM driver gating signal to the inverter, and stops driving of a switch transistor in the inverter, and the inverter stops outputting power, and then determines whether a voltage difference between two ends of the relay is greater than a preset value, to determine whether the relay is faulty. The controller stops sending the PWM driver gating signal to the inverter only within a preset phase range of a voltage of the filter capacitor, to ensure that the voltage of the filter capacitor has a large value. Because the voltage of the filter capacitor is large, an alternating current grid-to-ground voltage is pulled up, to avoid detecting the fault as an alternating current grid-to-ground short circuit.

A microgrid controller may measure a group state-of-charge (SOC) of a group of energy storage systems (ESSs), calculate a total real power demanded by a plurality of loads, determine an available real power for a group of renewable-energy-based (REB) energy resource systems, determine whether the available real power is greater than a sum of the total real power and an ESS parasitic consumption of the group of ESSs, and, based on the available real power being greater than the sum, generate first control signals for turning off a group of fuel-based (FB) energy resource systems or for maintaining the group of FB energy resource systems in an off-state, or, based on the available real power being less than or equal to the sum, generate second control signals for turning on the group of FB energy resource systems or for maintaining the group of FB energy resource systems in an on-state.

A high efficiency solar power system combining photovoltaic sources of power (1) can be converted by a base phase DC-DC photovoltaic converter (6) and an altered phase DC-DC photovoltaic converter (8) that have outputs combined through low energy storage combiner circuitry (9). The converters can be synchronously controlled through a synchronous phase control (11) that synchronously operates switches to provide a conversion combined photovoltaic DC output (10). Converters can be provided for individual source conversion or phased operational modes, the latter presenting a combined low photovoltaic energy storage DC-DC photovoltaic converter (15) at string or individual panel levels.